Table 1.
A list of all the species used in this experiment including their growth form, the treatments they were used in and their origin.
Figure 1.
Canopy species richness (A) and evenness (B) over four years (means±95% CI).
Treatments grouped by number of life-forms planted; original planted species richness was 3, 9, 15 for 1, 3, and 5 life-form groups respectively. Species evenness is 1/Simpson’s index. Sample sizes: 1 life-form treatements: n = 25; 3 life-form treatments: n = 50; 5 life-form treatment: n = 20.
Figure 2.
Canopy species richness (A) and evenness (B) in year four, by specific life-form combination (means±95% CI).
Sample sizes: 1 life-form treatments: n = 5 each; 3 life-form treatments: n = 5 each; 5 life-form treatment: n = 20.
Table 2.
Rainfall recorded at green roof site.
Figure 3.
Change in abundance of 13 species in monoculture and mixtures over four years (mean±95% CI).
Change in abundance calculated using canopy density: (ln(canopy density in year 4) - ln(canopy density in year 1))/# days. A: D. spicata; B: S. acre; C: C. rotundifolia; D: E. nigrum; E: D. flexuosa; F: S. rosea; G: P. maritima; H: G. procumbens; I: S. procumbens; J: P. compressa; K: S. spurium; L: S. bicolor; M: V. vitis-idaea. In each panel, the farthest left bar is the monoculture; mixture life form codes: C = creeping forb; D = dwarf shrub; G = grass; S = succulent; T = tall forb. Sample sizes: 1 life-form treatments: n = 5; 3 life-form treatments: n = 5; 5 life-form treatment: n = 20.
Figure 4.
Principal components analysis of species, by leaf traits and life history variables.
Species abbreviations: Poa = P. compressa; Des = D. flexuosa; Dan = D. spicata; Traits in red: SLA = specific leaf area; LA = leaf area; LDMC = leaf dry matter content; HGT = plant height; R = ruderal score; S = stress-tolerance score; C = competitive score.
Table 3.
Multiple linear regression showing standardized coefficients from model averaging for final biomass and change in abundance in monoculture and five life-form treatments.