Figure 1.
Comparison of floral morphology between the partially petaloid sepal mutant (Pps-1; I) and the parent (I-14; II).
A. Flower bud; B. Ventral view of sepal; C. Dorsal view of sepal.
Figure 2.
Comparison of floral morphology between the parent I-268 (I) and the sepaloid petal mutant (OM; II).
A. Flower bud; B. Flower bud without sepal; C. Dissected sepal and petal.
Table 1.
Segregation pattern of the sepaloid petal (OM) mutant in different generations of the reciprocal crosses involving parent genotype I-268 having wild type phenotype.
Figure 3.
Expression of flowering-related genes in the partially petaloid sepal of Pps-1 and the normal sepal of I-14.
PapsPI-1: Papaver somniferum PISTILLATA 1; PapsPI-2: P. somniferum PISTILLATA 2; PapsAP3-1: P. somniferum APETALA3-1; PapsAP3-2: P. somniferum APETALA3-2. Boxes on the right side of the gels indicate amplification (√) or no amplification (X), denoting the detection/non detection of homologous genes in P. somniferum.
Figure 4.
Unrooted maximum likelihood tree comparing the amino acid sequences of P. somniferum PI-1(KF550916), with PI-1 (PISTILLATA) reported from other species.
The symbols for the plants are provided along with the GenBank accession numbers in brackets. Agapanthus praecox Ap (BAC66962); A. praecox, Ap (ADU15475); Akebia trifoliate At (AAT46101); Ananas comosus Ac (ADY39748); Anoectochilus formosanus Af (ACD85087); A. formosanus Af (ACD85088); Aquilegia vulgaris Av (ABP01801); Brassavola nodosa Bn (ACD85092); Crocus sativus Cs (ABB22779); C. sativus Cs (ABB22780); Cymbidium faberi Cf (ADW76860); Dendrobium hybrid cultivar Dhc (ACD85096); Dendrobium moniliforme Dm (ABW96391); Galeola falconeri Gf (ACD85100); Habenaria petelotii Hp (ACD85102); H. petelotii Hp (ACD85103); Liparis distans Ld (ACD85106); Ludisia discolor Ld (ACD85107); L. discolor Ld (ACD85108), Michelia alba Ma (AFN68719); Magnolia amoena Ma (AFN68770); M. championii Mc (AFN68738); M. championii Mc (AFN68748); M. championii Mc (FN68738); M. coco Mc (AFN68755); M. conifera var. chingii Mc (AFN68728); M. crassipes Mc (AFN68722); M. crassipes Mc (AFN68723); M. cylindrica Mc (AFN68762); M. cylindrica Mc (AFN68763); M. dandyi Md (AFN68727); M. delavayi Md (AFN68745); M. duclouxii Md (AFN68720); M. duclouxii Md (AFN68721); M figo Mf (AFN68733); M. fordiana Mf (AFN68737); M. grandiflora Mg (AFN68766); M. grandiflora Mg (AFN68767); M. grandis Mg (AFN68725); M. hookeri Mh (AFN68758); M. hookeri Mh (AFN68759); M. insignis Mi (AFN68730); M. insignis Mi (AFN68731); M. insignis Mi (AFN68732); M. liliiflora Ml (AFN68769); M. officinalis subsp. biloba Msob (AFN68745); M. officinalis subsp. biloba Mosb (AFN68746); M. paenetalauma Mp (AFN68724); M. paenetalaum Mp (AFN68726); M. salicifolia Ms (AFN68734); M. salicifolia Ms (AFN68735); M. sprengeri Ms (AFN68743); M. sprengeri Ms (AFN68744); M. stellata Ms (AFN68749); M. stellata Ms (AFN68750); M. wufengenesis Mw (AFM75882); M. wufengenesis Mw (AFM75883); M. wufengenesis Mw (AFM75884); M. yunnanensis My (AFN68739); M yunnanensis My (AFN68740); M. zenii Mz (AFN68760); Oncidium hybrid cultivar Ohc (ACD85113); Papaver somniferum Ps (KF550916); P. somniferum Ps (KF550917); P. somniferum Ps (ABO13927); P. somniferum Ps (ABO13928); Paphiopedilum hybrid cultivar Phc (ACD85117); Passiflora edulis Pe (AER30449); Persea americana Pa (ABD62863); Phaius tancarvilleae Pt (ACD85121); Phalaenopsis hybrid cultivar Phc (AAV28175); P. hybrid cultivar Phc (AAV28490); P. hybrid cultivar Phc (AAV28491); Populus tomentosa Pt (AGL09298); Thalictrum dioicum Td (AAW78031); T. dioicum Td (AAW78032); Trochodendron aralioids Ta (ABQ85946).
Figure 5.
Comparison of quantitative expression levels of PapsPI-1 and PapsPI-3 in the petals and sepals of the genotypes Pps-1 and I-14.
The Y-axis represents relative quantities equilibrating the expression of PapsPI-1 in I-14 sepals as 1RQ value. Data represent mean + standard error of 3-5 biological replicates. In X-axis, the names of the genotypes (Pps-1 and I-14) are followed by the organs (S: sepal; P: Petal; Se: Sepaloid part of the sepal and Pe: Petaloid part of the sepal) and PapsPI gene expression (1: PapsPI-1 and 3: PapsPI-3). Shaded bar represents Pps-1 genotype.
Figure 6.
Comparison of quantitative expression levels of PapsAP3-1 in the sepals of genotypes Pps-1 and I-14.
The Y-axis represents relative quantities equilibrating the expression of PapsAP3-1 in I-14 sepals as 1RQ value. Data represent mean + standard error of 3-5 biological replicates. On X-axis, S: sepal; Se: Petaloid-devoid part of the sepal and Pe: Petaloid part of the sepal.
Figure 7.
Flower of tobacco plant transformed with PapsPI-1.
A: Plants in culture (I: Vector transformed; II: Transformed with PapsPI-1); B: Flower (I: Vector transformed; II: Transformed with PapsPI-1; inset normal sepal and partially petaloid sepal); Semi-quantitative expression of PapsPI-1 (upper gel shows ubiquitin expression and the lower shows expression of transgene PapsPI-1) in: N: Non transformed, I: Vector transformed and plant, II: transformed with PapsPI-1); D: Quantitative expression in vector transformed (I) and PapsPI-1 transformed tobacco sepal (II).
Figure 8.
Comparison of quantitative expression levels of PapsPI-1, PapsPI-3 and PapsAP3-1 in the petals and sepals of the genotypes, I-268 and OM.
The Y-axis represents relative quantities equilibrating the expression of PapsPI-1 in 1-268 sepal as 1RQ value. Data represent mean + standard error of 3-5 biological replicates. On the X axis, the names of the genotypes (I-268 and OM) are followed by the organs (S: sepal; P: Petal), the gene expression (PI-1: PapsPI-1 and PI-3: PapsPI-3 and AP3-1: PapsAP3-1).