Figure 1.
Flow chart of study selection.
This flow chart depicts the literature search for longitudinal cohort studies reporting the relationship between the serum uric acid (SUA) level and chronic kidney disease (CKD).
Table 1.
Characteristics of the identified cohort studies of serum uric acid levels and the risk of chronic kidney disease.
Figure 2.
Relative risks for the association between serum uric acid (for a 1 mg/dL increase) and the incidence of CKD.
Squares represent study-specific relative risks (the square sizes are proportional to the weight of each study in the overall estimate), horizontal lines represent 95% confidence intervals, and diamonds represent the overall relative risk estimate with its 95% CI.
Figure 3.
Plot of the RR of CKD associated with a 1 mg/dL increase in the serum uric acid level among individuals according to mean age.
The RR was pooled within subgroups with similar mean ages using random-effects model meta-analysis.
Table 2.
Stratified and meta-regression analysis to explore the effects of the study characteristics.