Figure 1.
Daily precipitation and daily mean temperature at the study site during the experimental period.
Figure 2.
Dynamics of β-glucosidase activity in paddy fields during the rice growth period (a for the early rice season and b for the late rice season).
R-R-Ry: rice–rice–ryegrass cropping system; R-R-Mv: rice–rice–Chinese milk vetch cropping system; R-R-Ra: rice–rice–rape cropping system; R-R-Fa: rice–rice cropping system with winter fallow. TS: tillering stage; BS: booting stage; FS: full heading stage; MS: maturity stage. Error bars represent the standard error of mean. Different letters indicate significance at P<0.05, according to the least significant difference test.
Figure 3.
Dynamics of alkaline phosphatase activity in paddy fields during the rice growth period (a for the early rice season and b for the late rice season).
R-R-Ry: rice–rice–ryegrass cropping system; R-R-Mv: rice–rice–Chinese milk vetch cropping system; R-R-Ra: rice–rice–rape cropping system; R-R-Fa: rice–rice cropping system with winter fallow. TS: tillering stage; BS: booting stage; FS: full heading stage; MS: maturity stage. Error bars represent the standard error of mean. Different letters indicate significance at P<0.05, according to the least significant difference test.
Figure 4.
Dynamics of arylsulfatase activity during the rice growth period (a for the early rice season and b for the late rice season).
R-R-Ry: rice–rice–ryegrass cropping system; R-R-Mv: rice–rice–Chinese milk vetch cropping system; R-R-Ra: rice–rice–rape cropping system; R-R-Fa: rice–rice cropping system with winter fallow. TS: tillering stage; BS: booting stage; FS: full heading stage; MS: maturity stage. Error bars represent the standard error of mean. Different letters indicate significance at P<0.05, according to the least significant difference test.
Figure 5.
Dynamics of arylamidase activity during the rice growth period (a for the early rice season and b for the late rice season).
R-R-Ry: rice–rice–ryegrass cropping system; R-R-Mv: rice–rice–Chinese milk vetch cropping system; R-R-Ra: rice–rice–rape cropping system; R-R-Fa: rice–rice cropping system with winter fallow. TS: tillering stage; BS: booting stage; FS: full heading stage; MS: maturity stage. Error bars represent the standard error of mean. Different letters indicate significance at P<0.05, according to the least significant difference test.
Table 1.
Variations in the number (104 CFUs g−1 dry soil) of aerobic bacteria, anaerobic bacteria, actinomycetes and fungi in a paddy soil under different cropping systems.