Figure 1.
Distribution of rooting depth, root dry weight, and root: shoot ratio among 297 spring wheat genotypes of the Cultivated Wheat Collection.
Figure 2.
Distribution of major root traits within the subset of 30 spring wheat genotypes.
The represented traits were measured for the 15 deepest and 15 smallest roots. Root length density is the ratio of root length in 0–30 cm depth of root system to the volume of the 30-cm section of the PVC column.
Table 1.
Analyses of variance results on effects of year (Y), genotype (G), and Y×G interaction and range for various root and shoot traits.
Table 2.
Spring wheat genotypes that were ranked high and low for rooting depth, root dry weight, and root: shoot ratio in the Cultivated Wheat Collection of 297 genotypes.
Table 3.
Ranking of spring wheat genotypes for major root traits within the subset of 30 genotypes.
Figure 3.
Relationship between root and shoot traits of 297 spring wheat genotypes of the Cultivated Wheat Collection.
Slope of the regression line was not significant in Fig. B.
Figure 4.
Relationship of total root surface area with tiller number per plant and shoot dry weight within the subset of 30 spring wheat genotypes.
Figure 5.
Relationship between coleoptile length and total root length within the subset of 30 spring wheat genotypes.
Error bars (Fig. B) represent standard errors.
Table 4.
Correlations among various root and shoot traits of 297 spring wheat genotypes of the Cultivated Wheat Collection.
Table 5.
Correlations among various root and shoot traits within the subset of 30 spring wheat genotypes.
Figure 6.
Rooting depth of spring wheat genotypes originating from different wheat growing regions in the world (Fig. A), and different states in the USA (Fig. C).
Fig. A represents 295 genotypes of the Cultivated Wheat Collection (297 genotypes) because two genotypes were not confirmed of their origin. Fig. C represents 183 of the 190 genotypes originated from USA because seven genotypes were not confirmed of their state of origin. Mediterranean – Egypt, Libya, and Lebanon; West Asia – Armenia, Turkey, Iraq, and Jordan; South Asia – India, Pakistan, Nepal, and Bangladesh; Latin America – Argentina, Chile, Brazil, Colombia, Guatemala, Paraguay, and Uruguay; Other Regions – Russia, Japan, Germany, Kenya and South Africa. Other States – Indiana, Nebraska, Nevada, Oklahoma, South Dakota, Utah, Vermont, and Wisconsin. Dry region in Fig. B included Argentina, Armenia, Australia, Chile, Egypt, Germany, Iraq, Japan, Jordan, Kenya, Lebanon, Libya, Mexico, Pakistan, South Africa, Turkey, and USA states of Arizona, California, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Nebraska, Nevada, Oregon, Utah, and Washington. Similarly, humid region in Fig. B included Bangladesh, Brazil, Canada, Colombia, Guatemala, India, Nepal, Paraguay, Russia, Uruguay, and USA states of Indiana, Minnesota, North Dakota, Oklahoma, South Dakota, Vermont, and Wisconsin. Two genotypes with unknown country of origin and seven genotypes with unknown states of origin in the USA were not included in Fig. B. Error bars represent standard errors.
Figure 7.
Rooting depth of spring wheat genotypes belonging to different market classes within the Cultivated Wheat Collection.
Error bars represent standard errors. SWS – soft white spring; SRS – soft red spring; HWS – hard white spring; HRS – hard red spring.
Figure 8.
Relationship between coleoptile length and rooting depth among spring wheat genotypes originated from dry (n = 184) or humid regions (n = 104).
Dry region included Argentina, Armenia, Australia, Chile, Egypt, Germany, Iraq, Japan, Jordan, Kenya, Lebanon, Libya, Mexico, Pakistan, South Africa, Turkey, and USA states of Arizona, California, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Nebraska, Nevada, Oregon, Utah, and Washington. Similarly, humid region included Bangladesh, Brazil, Canada, Colombia, Guatemala, India, Nepal, Paraguay, Russia, Uruguay, and USA states of Indiana, Minnesota, North Dakota, Oklahoma, South Dakota, Vermont, and Wisconsin. Two genotypes with unknown country of origin and seven genotypes with unknown states of origin in the USA were not included in these figures.
Figure 9.
Relationship of seed size with plant height, coleoptile length, and rooting depth of 297 spring wheat genotypes of the Cultivated Wheat Collection.