Figure 1.
Schematic diagram of the real-time MRI for monitoring the focused ultrasound-induced BBB disruption.
Figure 2.
Time line for the BBB disruption experiments.
Only for the Repeated 150/450 experiment, the shaded part was included in the experimental process. All experiments were performed on the MRI scanner.
Figure 3.The.
flow diagram of the Two-stage GKM process.
Figure 4.
Illustration of the T1 DCE-MRI images of one rat each for three sets of experiments: (A) Single 150; (B) Single 450; and (C) Repeated 150/450.
The first column of panels for (A), (B) and (C) shows the DCE-MRI images before the Gd injection; the second to fourth columns of panels for (A) and (B) show the images at 20, 40, and 60 min after FUS irradiation; the second panel for (C) shows the image at 20 min after the first FUS irradiation; The third and fourth panels for (C) show the images at 20 and 40 min after the second FUS irradiation.
Figure 5.
Estimation of the changes in Gd concentration using GKM or Two-stage GKM.
(A) estimation of the changes in Gd concentration at the right hemisphere of the rat's brain tissue for the single FUS irradiation experiment using GKM; (B) estimation of the changes in Gd concentration in the right hemisphere of the rat's brain tissue for the repeated FUS irradiation experiment using GKM; (C) based on the condition in (B), estimation of the changes in Gd concentration in the right hemisphere of the rat's brain tissue for the repeated FUS irradiation experiment using Two-stage GKM; (D) list of the permeability values Ktrans and Kep estimated from (B) and (C). The data points in the figure show the changes in Gd concentration with time in the right hemisphere of the rat's brain tissue due to FUS irradiation. The curve was estimated using GKM or Two-stage GKM.
Figure 6.
Estimation of the changes in Gd concentration in the right hemisphere of the brain tissue of four rats for both Single 150 and Single 450 experiments using GKM, as well as estimation of the changes in Gd concentration in the right hemisphere of the brain tissue of four rats for the Repeated 150/450 experiment using Two-stage GKM.
(A) Single 150; (B) Single 450; (C) Repeated 150/450; (D) estimation of the mean changes in Gd concentration in the brain tissue for the various groups under the 3 experimental conditions.
Table 1.
The mean transfer rate constant computed using GKM or Two-stage GKM under Single 150, Single 450, and Repeated 150/450 experimental conditions.
Figure 7.
The brain slices of Evans blue extravasation.
The upper and lower half sub figures in the left figure show the front and back of the sonicated brain divided into slices respectively. It is arranged in order from left to right according to the Single 150, Single 450, and Repeated 150/450 experimental conditions respectively. The figure on the right shows the quantitative data for the Evans blue penetration (*and# implies that p<0.05; n = 3).