Figure 1.
Water footprint of Morocco’s production per river basin.
Period: 1996–2005. Morocco’s river basins (A) and total green (B), blue (C) and grey (D) water footprint of Morocco’s production per river basin (in Mm3/yr).
Table 1.
Water footprint estimates included in this study.
Table 2.
Comparison of river basins based on reference evapotranspiration (ET0 in mm/yr, period: 1961–1990).
Table 3.
Water footprint of Morocco’s production in the period 1996–2005 (in Mm3/yr).
Figure 2.
Economic water productivity and green and blue water footprint of main crops in Morocco.
Period: 1996–2005. Source: Water footprint from Mekonnen and Hoekstra [14], producer prices from FAO [18].
Figure 3.
Variation in green plus blue water consumption (in m3/ton) across river basins.
Period: 1996–2005.
Figure 4.
Economic land productivity and harvested area of main crops in Morocco.
Period: 1996–2005. Source: Harvested area and yield from Mekonnen and Hoekstra [14], producer prices from FAO [18].
Figure 5.
Morocco’s virtual water trade balance related to trade in agricultural and industrial commodities.
Period: 1996–2005. Source: Virtual water import and (total) virtual water export from Mekonnen and Hoekstra [13].
Figure 6.
Total blue water footprint and natural runoff per river basin.
Period of blue water footprint: 1996–2005. Natural runoff is estimated as the long-term average inflow of reservoirs. It is considered undepleted runoff, since large-scale blue water withdrawals come from the reservoirs. The estimates can be considered conservative, because net precipitation in areas downstream of reservoirs is not included.
Table 4.
Blue water scarcity per river basin.
Table 5.
Blue water scarcity related to groundwater.
Table 6.
Water pollution level related to nitrate-nitrogen in groundwater.
Table 7.
Potential water savings by partial relocation of crop production per crop.
Table 8.
Potential water savings by partial relocation of crop production per river basin.
Table 9.
Potential water savings by benchmarking water productivities of main crops* (in Mm3/yr).