Figure 1.
Flow Diagram of subjects participation in study.
Fifty Aa-positive and 50 Aa-negative subjects were enrolled and followed every 6 months for up to 3 years. Cytokines from saliva and crevice fluid were collected every 6 months, stored, and then after bone loss was detected, salivary samples from 10 of those subjects (from a total of 16) and saliva from another 60 subjects who remained healthy was analyzed. In the case of crevice fluid, samples from 16 subjects who developed bone loss and another 38 who remained healthy was available for analysis.
Table 1.
Demographic characteristics of subset of subjects for whom salivary cytokine analysis was performed.
Table 2.
Demographic characteristics of subset of subjects studied for whom gingival crevicular fluid cytokine analysis on a site specific basis was performed.
Figure 2.
Salivary cytokines from healthy and bone loss subjects: Cytokines elevated prior to bone loss.
Saliva from healthy subjects was compared to subjects who developed bone loss. The cytokines that showed significant differences are illustrated 6 months prior to bone loss and compared to levels at the time bone loss was detected (labeled disease) and to salivary levels found in subjects who started healthy and remained healthy. Letters that are different (A vs B) are significantly different at the p<0.05 level. Cytokines MIP-1α, MIP-1β, IL-1β, and IL-8 are all significantly elevated 6-mo. before BL when compared to saliva from healthy subjects and to saliva at the time disease was detected. IL-1α is significantly elevated prior to BL as compared to saliva from healthy subjects but is not significantly different than that seen at the time of disease detection.
Figure 3.
Salivary cytokines from healthy and bone loss subjects: Other salivary cytokines elevated prior to disease.
Saliva from healthy subjects was compared to subjects who developed bone loss. The cytokines that showed significant differences are illustrated 6 months prior to bone loss and compared to levels at the time bone loss was detected (labeled disease) and to salivary levels found in subjects who started healthy and remained healthy. Letters that are different (A vs B) are significantly different at the p<0.05 level. Cytokines IL-17 and TNF-α are significantly elevated prior to disease as compared to health and at the time of BL detection; while IL-12 (p40) and IL-12 (p70) were significantly elevated prior to disease but were not significantly different from saliva obtained from healthy subjects p<0.05.
Figure 4.
Salivary cytokines from healthy and bone loss subjects: Salivary cytokines elevated in health prior to disease detection.
Saliva from healthy subjects was compared to subjects who developed bone loss. The cytokines that showed significant differences are illustrated 6 months prior to bone loss and compared to levels at the time bone loss was detected (labeled disease) and to salivary levels found in subjects who started healthy and remained healthy. Letters that are different (A vs B) are significantly different at the p<0.05 level. Cytokine MCP-1, IL-4 and TNF-β were significantly depressed before disease as compared to health but were not different when saliva prior to disease was compared to saliva at the visit disease was detected.
Table 3.
Cytokine levels (pg/ml) in same molar sites prior to bone loss vs. same molar sites at visit bone loss detected.
Table 4.
Cytokine levels (pg/ml) in sites remaining healthy vs sites that develop bone loss in LAP subjects: visit prior to detection of BL.
Table 5.
Cytokine levels (pg/ml) in healthy sites from LAP subjects vs Aa-negative and positive healthy subjects at visit BL was detected.
Table 6.
Predictive value of crevicular levels of MIP-1α of 40 pg/ml or above at sites that do or do not develop bone loss in same LAP subject at visit prior to bone loss.
Table 7.
Analysis of specificity of MIP-1a levels in healthy sites from Aa-negative and Aa-positive subjects who remained healthy as compared to healthy sites in LAP subjects where another site developed bone loss.