Figure 1.
Vascular leakage in fluorescein angiography in study animals.
A, B: Control group. C, D: 10 mg/kg LAB group. E, F: 20 mg/kg LAB group. Arrows indicate vascular leakage. G: Comparison of vascular leakage among three groups. *P<0.05 vs. control group, †P<0.05 vs. 10 mg/kg LAB-treated group.
Figure 2.
Histology of the rat retina using H&E staining.
A: Control retina. B: 10 mg/kg LAB-treated retina. C: 20 mg/kg LAB-treated retina. Key: NFL, nerve fiber layer, GCL; ganglion cell layer; IPL, inner plexiform layer; INL, inner nuclear layer; OPL, outer plexiform layer; ONL, outer nuclear layer; PRL, photoreceptor layer.
Figure 3.
Capillaries in rat retinas and in surrounding connective tissues (× 200).
A, D: Control. B, E: 10 mg/kg LAB treatment. C, F: 20 m/kg LAB treatment. Arrows indicate capillaries.
Figure 4.
Immunohistochemistry for VEGF and western blot analysis of VEGF expression in the retina.
A: Control group. B: 10 mg/kg LAB-treated group. C: 20 mg/kg LAB-treated group. *P<0.05 vs. control group, †P<0.05 vs. 10 mg/kg LAB-treated group.
Figure 5.
VEGF concentrations in ocular fluid among three groups.
Each column represents mean ± SE (n = 5–6). *P<0.05 vs. control group.
Figure 6.
Retinal capillary basement membrane thickness assessed by electron microscopy.
*P<0.05 vs. control group, †P<0.05 vs. 10 mg/kg LAB group.
Table 1.
Weight, biochemical parameters, insulin resistance index and inflammatory markers in an obese rat model of type 2 diabetes after 52 weeks of treatment with lithospermic acid B or with saline as control.