Figure 1.
The chromosome spread and G-banding analyses of blastomeres from 8-cell to 16-cell parthenogenetically activated embryos.
(A and B) The chromosome spread and corresponding chromosome alignment of haploid blastomeres; (C and D) The G-banding karyotype and corresponding chromosome alignment of haploid blastomeres.
Figure 2.
The morphology, immunofluorescence staining and chromosome spread of PA embryo-derived embryonic stem-like cells.
(A–C) The primary stem-like cell colonies: A from whole blastocyst, B and C from inner cell masses (ICMs). The stem-like cell colony from whole blastocysts contains large amounts of lipid droplets. (D) A stem-like cell colony that is alkaline phosphatase positive. (E and F) OCT4 immunofluorescence staining and corresponding DAPI staining. (G and H) SSEA-1 immunofluorescence staining and corresponding DAPI staining. (I–L) The aneuploid chromosome spread of the ICM-derived cell lines, contain 17, 57, 54 and uncounted chromosomes, respectively.
Table 1.
The attachment and outgrowth rate of porcine whole blastocysts or inner cell masses (ICMs) in different media with different feeder cells.
Table 2.
Chromosome spread of stem-like cell lines derived from ICMs and whole blastocysts.
Figure 3.
The PA fetus morphology and HE staining.
(A) A large PA fetus with hemolysis. (B) A retarded ultra-small PA fetus. (C and D) HE staining of paraffin-embedded sections of large and ultra-small PA fetuses. The cell apoptosis is shown in the ultra-small fetus.
Table 3.
The body size of day 30 porcine parthenogenetic fetuses derived from transfer of PA embryos to three gilts.
Figure 4.
The flow cytometry sorting results of PA embryo-derived fetal fibroblasts.
(A and B) The sorting of cell line pPEF3-2 and the corresponding control fPEF5. (C and D) The sorting of cell line pPEF3-5 and its corresponding control fPEF6. The results show that PA cell lines indeed contain more cells with decreased (less than diploid) DNA content.
Table 4.
The karyotype distribution of porcine parthenogenetic fetal fibroblasts after sorting.
Figure 5.
The chromosome spread of PA embryo-derived fibroblasts.
(A–D) Haploid PA cells with an abnormal chromosome spread lack one telocentric chromosome. (E and F) The haploid cells with other kinds of abnormal chromosome spread. The red arrow indicates a telocentric chromosome. (G) The diploid cell with normal karyotype.
Figure 6.
The G-banding analysis of PA embryo-derived fibroblasts.
(A) The haploid cell lacks chromosome 6, and has gained an extra chromosome 14. (B) The haploid cell lacks chromosome 8 and 10, and has gained an extra chromosome 1 and 2. (C) G-banding of a diploid cell derived from sorting indeed showed a normal karyotype.
Figure 7.
The microarray and RT-PCR analysis of PA embryo-derived fetal fibroblasts.
(A) The heat map of PA embryo-derived fetal fibroblast cell lines and the corresponding female control cell lines. (B–E) The dot-blot comparison of different cell lines. (F) The real-time PCR results of imprinted genes. The fold change of three genes, the y-axis represents fold change.
Table 5.
Ten most downregulated genes in porcine parthenogenetic diploid fetal fibroblasts.