Figure 1.
In vitro multi-lineage differentiation potential of adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs).
A. Green fluorescent protein-expressing mouse ASCs. B. Oil Red O staining. C. Alizarin red staining. D. Alcian blue staining. Scale bars = 50 µm.
Figure 2.
The retention rate of transplanted adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs).
A. Fluorescence live imaging of ASCs trafficking in vivo in aging mice. B. The retention rate of ASCs at days 1, 3, 7, 14, and 28 after injection.
Figure 3.
The dynamic changes of aging-associated markers.
A. The changes in body weight, advanced glycation end product (AGE), and level of superoxidase dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in control, D-gal-treated, D-gal plus adipose-derived stem cells-treated, and D-gal plus aminoguanidine-treated mice. B. The content of bovine serum albumin-AGEs. C and D. SOD and MDA levels in skin. Statistically significant difference, *P<0.05 versus control.
Figure 4.
Haematoxylin and eosin staining and Masson's trichrome staining.
A. Adipose-derived stem cells treatment increased dermal thickness (the double head arrows) and collagen ratio of mice skin. B. The thickness of the dermal portion of skin. C. Collagen ratio (collagen fibers stained blue) was measured with an image analysis program. n = 4. *P<0.05, Scale bars = 100 µm.
Figure 5.
The changes in angiogenesis in skin tissue.
A. Immunohistochemical detection of CD31-positive microvessels (arrows) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression in skin tissue in control, D-gal-treated, D-gal plus adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs)-treated, and D-gal plus aminoguanidine (AG)-treated animals. CD31: Scale bar = 200 µm, VEGF: Scale bar = 100 µm. B. The changes in vascular density/mm2 in control, D-gal-treated, D-gal plus ASCs-treated, and D-gal plus AG-treated groups determined by counting the number of CD31-positive vessels within visual fields (n = 8). *P<0.05. C. The D-gal plus ASCs-treated showed the highest expression of VEGF among the four groups.