Figure 1.
Location of study sites in Northeast China.
Table 1.
Location and elevation of Pinus koraiensis mixed forests in different sites and plots.
Table 2.
The 23 Variables and their abbreviations used in the study.
Table 3.
Composition and structure of Pinus koraiensis mixed forests in different sites.
Table 4.
Matrix of two-tailed partial correlation coefficients between every dependent variable and the independent variables excluded from its model, controlling for the independent variable(s) included in its model.
Table 5.
Significant mathematical equations and regression coefficients (a, b, c, d) used to predict structure and composition of Pinus koraiensis mixed forests from linear and quadratic components of MeanDBHPinus, PrecipWettestMonth, TempWarmestQuater and TempWarmestMonth.
Figure 2.
Linear regression relationships between the simulated (n = 3, mean with standard error) and observed (mean of each site) values of StandDensityPinus (No. ha−1; a), StandDensityAcer-Fraxinus (No. ha−1; b), StandDensityQuercus (No. ha−1; c), StandDensityUlmus (No.ha−1; d), StandDensityBetula (No.ha−1; e), StandDensityAbies-Picea (No. ha−1; f), StandDensityLarix (No. ha−1; g), BasalAreaPinus (m2 ha−1; h), BasalAreaAcer-Fraxinus (m2 ha−1; i), BasalAreaQuercus (m2 ha−1; j), BasalAreaUlmus (m2 ha−1; k), BasalAreaBetula (m2 ha−1; l), BasalAreaAbies-Picea (m2 ha−1; m) and BasalAreaLarix (m2 ha−1; n) in Pinus koraiensis mixed forests.
Significance level: NS(Non-significant)P>0.05, *P<0.05, **P<0.01, ***P<0.001.
Figure 3.
Stand density of Pinus koraiensis (a), total basal area of Pinus koraiensis (b), stand density of other conifers (c), total basal area of other conifers (d), stand density of broadleaves (e), total basal area of broadleaves (f) of Pinus koraiensis and other conifers (Abies and Picea and Larix) and broadleaf trees (broadleaves) in the ten sites (from left to right: Kuandian, Dongsheng, Liangshui, Shengshan and Changbai from A to F) observed under current condition and modeled under current climate and under +2°C and +10% precipitation scenario and under +4°C and +10% precipitation scenario (using the currently observed MeanDBHPinus values).