Table 1.
Summary of Confounding Variables, by Category, Measured Prior to Index Prescription and by which Propensity Scores were Adjusted.
Figure 1.
n = 10,338,432 research-quality patients in CPRD-COPD; n = 645,287 new users of ICS-containing or new users of LABD medications COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; HES: Hospital Episode Statistics; ICS: inhaled corticosteroid; LABD: long-acting bronchodilator.
Table 2.
Demographics from the Baseline Period (Year Before Cohort Entry) and Patient History for the Final Analysis Cohort Before and After Propensity Score Balancing.
Figure 2.
Pneumonia by different definitions among new users of ICS-containing and LABD medications (primary and sensitivity models).
Data are hazard ratios and 95% CI for ICS compared with LABD. The incidence rates of pneumonia events per 1,000 person years for each group are presented below the figure for the primary model only. ICS: inhaled corticosteroid; LABD: long-acting bronchodilator.
Figure 3.
Pneumonia by different definitions and ICS daily dose in new users of ICS-containing medications.
Data are hazard ratios and 95% CI for ICS compared with LABD. CFC: chlorofluorocarbon; ICS: inhaled corticosteroid; LABD: long-acting bronchodilator.