Figure 1.
Hungarian Grey cattle grazing in the study area.
Photo by Balázs Deák.
Table 1.
Effects of ‘year’, ‘management’ and ‘site’ on the vegetation characteristics in dry-, mesophilous- and wet grasslands.
Figure 2.
Cover scores of noxious species.
Cover scores (mean±SE) of (A) Elymus repens in mesophilous grasslands and (B) Phragmites communis in wet grasslands in the four study years. Empty symbols with dotted line denote the grazed, full symbols with straight line denote the fenced plots. Rectangles are for Site 1, circles for Site 2, while triangles for Site 3.
Figure 3.
Vegetation changes in the secondary dry grasslands in the four years of the study.
DCA ordination based on cover scores (gradient lengths, cumulative percentage variances of species data and eigenvalues are 3.58, 12.6 and 0.61 for the first, and 3.84, 21.1 and 0.41 for the second axis, respectively). The most frequent 30 species were added by weighted averaging; species were denoted using an eight-letter code with four letters of genus and four letters of species name. The average coordinates of the four subplots per plot were shown, numbers in boxes denotes fenced, while numbers without boxes the grazed plots. Notations: Site-1: 1–8, Site-2: 9–16, Site-3: 17–24.
Figure 4.
Vegetation changes in the mesophilous grasslands in the four years of the study.
DCA ordination based on cover scores (gradient length, cumulative percentage variance of species data and eigenvalues are 4.59, 18.2, and 0.69 for the first, and 3.11, 29.2 and 0.42 for the second axis, respectively). For notations see Figure 2.
Figure 5.
Vegetation changes in the wet grasslands in the four years of the study.
DCA ordination based on cover scores (gradient length, cumulative percentage variance of species data and eigenvalues are 3.54, 20.1 and 0.75 for the first, and 2.89, 30.9 and 0.40 for the second axis, respectively). For notations see Figure 2.