Figure 1.
Effect of AZT treatment on alveolar bone loss associated with experimental periodontitis (EP) in rats.
Values are expressed as means ±SEM (Compared to NL ***p<0.001, *p<0.05; Compared to L #p<0.05).
Figure 2.
A) Superior: Left/Below: Right, NL group, showing no resorption of the alveolar bone.
B) Superior: Left/Below: Right, L group, showing severe bone resorption with root exposure (arrows). C) Superior: Left/Below: Right, L group treated with Azilsartan 5 mg/kg, showing decreased bone resorption (arrows). Images were obtained at an original magnification of 1.7×.
Figure 3.
A, D and G: Normal periodontium. B, E, H: Periodontium from a rat with periodontitis (treated with saline) showing alveolar bone and cementum resorption (discontinuous cementum) and inflammatory cell infiltration. C: Treatment with AZT (1 mg/kg) and I: Treatment with AZT (10 mg/kg) showing no reduced inflammation and increased alveolar bone loss. F: Periodontium from a rat with periodontitis (treated with AZT, 5 mg/kg) showing reduced inflammation and decreased alveolar bone loss. Sections were stained with H&E. Original magnification 40×. Scale bars = 100 µm. G, gingiva; PL, periodontal ligament; D, dentin; AB, alveolar bone; C, cementum; a, bone loss; b, resorption of cementum; c, inflammatory process; e, f, decreased inflammation process and bone loss.
Table 1.
Histological analysis of maxillae from rats presenting with periodontal disease, Natal, RN, 2014.
Figure 4.
Photomicrographs of periodontal tissue of PD rats treated with AZT, showing immunoreactivity to MMP-2, MMP-9, COX-2, RANK, RANK-L, OPG, and cathapsyn.
Rats subjected to saline (A, D, G, J, M, P,S); rats subjected to ligation (B, E, H, K, N, Q,T); rats subjected to ligation and treated with AZT (5 mg/kg) (C, F, I, L, O, R,U). Images are shown at 40× magnification. Bar = 100 µm. Arrow indicates high or moderate labeling in the periodontal ligament or the alveolar bone. Asterisk indicates mild or moderate labeling in the periodontal ligament or the alveolar bone. Triangle and asterisk indicate mild labeling of OPG in osteoclasts. Triangle and arrow indicate high labeling of osteoclasts. Triangle indicates intense labeling of Cathepsin K on alveolar bone. Asterisk and triangle indicate mild labeling of cathepsin K on alveolar bone.
Figure 5.
MPO and GSH in NL, L, and groups treated with 1/kg, 5 mg/kg, and 10 mg/kg AZT (*p<0.05, **p<0.01).
Figure 6.
Levels of A) IL-1β, B) Il-10, and C) TNF- α, in NL, L, and AZT-treated animals (1 mg/kg, 5 mg/kg, and 10 mg/kg) (*p<0.05).