Table 1.
Target genes, primers and PCR reaction conditions used for strain characterization.
Table 2.
Quinolone resistance, amino acid substitutions in the QRDR of GyrA, ParC and ParE proteins in terms of amino acid positions and PMQR determinants in extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) producing Escherichia coli isolated from rivers and lakes in Switzerland.
Table 3.
Plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance mechanisms, replicon types of transferred plasmids and quinolone resistance levels of the transconjugants of selected E. coli isolates.
Table 4.
MIC values of nalidixic acid in the presence and absence of Phe-Arg-β-naphthylamide in selected E. coli isolates.