Table 1.
Metal concentration from sediment and water of Mina Stream and limits permitted by law.
Table 2.
Physicochemical parameters from water of Mina Stream.
Figure 1.
Venn diagram showing the exclusive and shared bacterial genera retrieved from MS-AsIII and MS-AsV enrichment cultures.
Table 3.
Phylogenetic distribution of the bacterial isolates and their As-metabolism phenotype and genotype.
Figure 2.
Evolutionary relationships of AsIII-resistant bacteria (MS-AsIII) 16S rRNA sequences.
A total of 57 nucleotide sequences and 719 sites were analyzed. The phylogeny was reconstructed by maximum likelihoodand TIM3+I+G+F was selected as best fit model. Support values for each node were estimated using the Akaike Likelihood Ratio Test (aLRT). Only support values higher than 70% are shown. Reference sequences retrieved from the non-redundant database of the NCBI are shown in black, bacterial isolates (MS-AsIII and MS-AsV) in green. Different background colors highlight three well-supported clades: Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, and Proteobacteria. Thermodesulfobacteria was used as outgroup.
Figure 3.
Evolutionary relationships of AsV-resistant bacteria (MS-AsV) 16S rRNA sequences.
A total of 40 nucleotide sequences and 721 sites were analyzed. The phylogeny was reconstructed by maximum likelihood and TrN+G+F was selected as best fit model. Support values for each node were estimated using the Akaike Likelihood Ratio Test (aLRT). Only support values higher than 70% are shown. Reference sequences retrieved from the non-redundant database of the NCBI are shown in black, bacterial isolates (MS-AsIII and MS-AsV) in green. Different background colors highlight three well-supported clades: Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, and Proteobacteria. Thermodesulfobacteria was used as outgroup.
Figure 4.
Evolutionary relationships of arsC sequences.
A total of 48 nucleotide sequences and 352 sites were analyzed. The phylogeny was reconstructed by maximum likelihoodand TrN+I+G+F was selected as best fit model. Support values for each node were estimated using the Akaike Likelihood Ratio Test (aLRT). Only support values higher than 70% are shown. Reference sequences retrieved from the non-redundant database of the NCBI are shown in black, bacterial isolates (MS-AsIII and MS-AsV)in green, and operational taxonomic unities (OTUs) from As gene clone librariesin blue. Different background colors highlight Actinobacteria and three Proteobacteria classes – Gamma-, Beta, and alpha-proteobacteria.
Figure 5.
Evolutionary relationships of arrA sequences.
A total of 47 nucleotide sequences and 242 sites were analyzed. The phylogeny was reconstructed by maximum likelihoodand GTR+I+G+F was selected as best fit model. Support values for each node were estimated using the Akaike Likelihood Ratio Test (aLRT). Only support values higher than 70% are shown. Reference sequences retrieved from the non-redundant database of the NCBI are shown in black, bacterial isolates (MS-AsIII and MS-AsV) in green, and operational taxonomic unities (OTUs) from As gene clone libraries in blue. Different background colors highlight three bacterial phyla - Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, and Chrysiogenetes.
Figure 6.
Evolutionary relationships of aioA sequences.
A total of 72 nucleotide sequences and 543 sites were analyzed. The phylogeny was reconstructed by maximum likelihood and GTR+I+G+F was selected as best fit model. Support values for each node were estimated using the Akaike Likelihood Ratio Test (aLRT). Only support values higher than 70% are shown. Reference sequences retrieved from the non-redundant database of the NCBI are shown in black, bacterial isolates (MS-AsIII and MS-AsV) in green, and operational taxonomic unities (OTUs) from As gene clone libraries in blue. Different background colors highlight two Proteobacteria classes – beta- and alpha-proteobacteria.