Figure 1.
The effects of AM-EO on (A) cell viability, (B) melanin content and (C) cellular tyrosinase activity in α-MSH stimulated B16 cells.
Each value represents the mean ± SD (n = 3). Groups sharing the same superscript letter are not significantly different (p>0.05) as revealed by Dunnett's post hoc tests.
Figure 2.
The effects of AM-EO on (A) superoxide anion, (B) malondialdehyde (MDA) production, (C) glutathione (GSH) concentrations and (D) glutathione peroxidase (GPx), (E) superoxide dismutase (SOD) and (F) catalase (CAT) activities in α-MSH stimulated B16 cells.
Each value represents the mean ± SD (n = 3). Groups sharing the same superscript letter are not significantly different (p>0.05) as revealed by Dunnett's post hoc tests.
Figure 3.
The effects of AM-EO on protein levels of (A) tyrosinase, (B) p-JNK, (C) p-p38 and (D) p-ERK in α-MSH stimulated B16 cells.
Each value represents the mean ± SD (n = 3). Groups sharing the same superscript letter are not significantly different (p>0.05) as revealed by Dunnett's post hoc tests. For p-JNK, p54 and p46 are p-JNK1 and p-JNK2, respectively. For p-ERK, p44 and p42 are p-ERK1 and p-ERK2, respectively.
Figure 4.
The effects of the JNK inhibitor SP600125 and the ERK inhibitor PD98059 on (A and B) protein levels of tyrosinase, (C) melanin content and (D) cellular tyrosinase activity in α-MSH stimulated B16 cells.
The effects of the major components of AM-EO, linalyl acetate, 1,8-cineole and camphor, on (E) melanin content and (F) cellular tyrosinase activity in α-MSH stimulated B16 cells. Each value represents the mean ± SD (n = 3). Groups sharing the same superscript letter are not significantly different (p>0.05) as revealed by Dunnett's post hoc tests.
Figure 5.
The proposed mechanism of AM-EO and linalyl acetate effects on melanogenesis in melanoma cells.