Figure 1.
The algorithm for IPF diagnosis among enrolled patients.
All 111 patients were diagnosed with IPF (definite, n = 104; probable, n = 2; possible, n = 5) according to the algorithm for IPF diagnosis. HRCT, high-resolution computed tomography; SLB, surgical lung biopsy; IPF, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis; UIP, usual interstitial pneumonia.
Table 1.
Patient characteristics.
Table 2.
Characteristics of the patients who had developed CVD at the time of CVD diagnosis.
Table 3.
Systemic findings and autoantibodies in the patients who developed CVD and in those with IPF at the time of initial diagnosis.
Table 4.
HRCT and pathological findings in the patients who developed CVD and in those with IPF at the time of initial diagnosis.
Figure 2.
Pathological findings in the patients who developed CVD (Cases 1, 2, 5, 10).
All patients showed a pathological UIP pattern at the time of the initial diagnosis. Lymphoid aggregates with germinal centers were prominent in the patients who developed CVD.
Table 5.
Treatment and outcome throughout the course of the patients who developed CVD and those with IPF.
Figure 3.
Survival curves for the patients who developed CVD and those with IPF.
Patients who developed CVD had a significantly better survival rate than those with IPF (log-rank, P = 0.0433). IPF, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis; CVD-IP, interstitial pneumonia associated with collagen vascular diseaseG.
Figure 4.
Cumulative incidence of CVD among patients with IPF.
Cumulative incidences of CVD at 1, 5, and 10 years were 0.91%, 9.85%, and 15.5%, respectively.
Table 6.
Predictive factors for the development of CVD in patients with IPF, according to univariate Cox proportional hazards analysis.