Figure 1.
Occurrence records of Melanophryniscus.
Points in the map represent the known distribution of the studied Melanophryniscus species throughout the major habitat types of South America.
Table 1.
Summary of models.
Table 2.
Summary of Melanophryniscus species data and results.
Figure 2.
Relation between present size of species range and its percentage reduction in the future.
Areas were estimated by MaxEnt models using bioclimatic variables; values are percentage reduction projected by 2080 (consensus between the IPCC A2a and B2a scenarios) for each species of Melanophryniscus. 1 - M. montevidensis, 2 - M. spectabilis, 3 - M. stelzneri, 4 - M. sp.2, 5 - M. cambaraensis, 6 - M. sp.3, 7 - M. tumifrons, 8 - M. macrogranulosus, 9 - M.atroluteus, 10 - M. sanmartini, 11 - M. rubriventris, 12 - M. sp.1, 13 - M. simplex, 14 - M. pachyrhynus, 15 - M. fulvoguttatus, 16 - M. moreirae, 17 - M. dorsalis, 18 - M. langonei, 19 - M. krauczuki, 20 - M. estebani, 21 - M. devincenzii, 22 - M. klappenbachi, 23 - M. paraguayensis and 24 - M. cupreuscapularis.
Figure 3.
Reduction in climatic suitability area for Melanophryniscus species (2080) according to major habitat types in South America, and to phylogenetic groups.
No significant differences were found in either situations (t-tests, TSGSS vs. TSMBF, p>0;19; stelzneri vs tumifrons, p>0.39). TSGSS, Tropical and Subtropical Grasslands, Savannas and Shrublands; TSMBF, Tropical and Subtropical Moist Broadleaf Forests.
Figure 4.
Scatterplot showing the relation between % reduction in known occurrence sites and % reduction in range area by 2080 (consensus scenario for IPCC A2A and B2A climate models).
Conservation priority is high for species with high loss values measured in both % area and % occurrence points. 1 - M. montevidensis, 2 - M. spectabilis, 3 - M. stelzneri, 4 - M. sp.2, 5 - M. cambaraensis, 6 - M. sp.3, 7 - M. tumifrons, 8 - M. macrogranulosus, 9 - M.atroluteus, 10 - M. sanmartini, 11 - M. rubriventris, 12 - M. sp.1, 13 - M. simplex, 14 - M. pachyrhynus, 15 - M. fulvoguttatus, 16 - M. moreirae, 17 - M. dorsalis, 18 - M. langonei, 19 - M. krauczuki, 20 - M. estebani, 21 - M. devincenzii, 22 - M. klappenbachi, 23 - M. paraguayensis and 24 - M. cupreuscapularis.