Table 1.
Components of PBDE Mixture.
Figure 1.
A) Differentiation protocol for PBDEs. B) Protocol for co-treatment with glucocorticoids (5 nM DEX).
Figure 2.
Western blotting for terminal differentiation markers.
A) PBDE-induced changes in aP2 and perilipin protein expression, presented with representative blots. Data is expressed as mean ± SEM, n = 3 independent experiments. B) Relative protein expression of aP2 and perilipin following exposure to DE-71, presented with representative blots. Data is expressed as mean ± SEM, n = 4 independent experiments. C) BDE-47-induced changes in aP2 and perilipin expression, presented with representative blots. Data is expressed as mean ± SEM, n = 4 independent experiments. * indicates statistical significance from control, p<0.05.
Figure 3.
RT-PCR for terminal differentiation markers expressed in relative units following treatment with 250 nM DEX, 25.5
μM PBDE mixture, 12 μM DE-71, or 12 μM BDE-47. With regards to aP2 RNA expression levels, for days 1, 2, 4, the number of experimental replicates is 4 for all groups except 250 nM DEX (n = 3). For days 5, 6, 8, the number of experimental replicates is 5 for all treatment groups. With regards to perilipin RNA expression levels, for days 1, 2, 4, the number of experimental replicates is 3 for all treatment groups. For days 5, 6, 8, the number of experimental replicates is 5 for all treatment groups. * indicates a significant difference between control and DEX within the given time point (p<0.05). a indicates a significant difference between control and PBDE (p<0.05). b indicates a significant difference between control and BDE-47 (p<0.05). c indicates a significant difference between control and DE-71 (p<0.05). Data is expressed as mean ± SEM.
Figure 4.
A) DMSO. B) 250 nM DEX. C) 3.2 μM PBDE mixture. D) 25.5 μM PBDE mixture. E) 3 μM DE-71. F) 12 μM DE-71. G) 1.5 μM BDE-47. H) 12 μM BDE-47. I) Percentage of adipocytes present following differentiation.
Table 2.
PBDE interaction with glucocorticoids.
Figure 5.
mRNA Expression of PPARγ, C/EBPα, and LXRα during differentiation following treatment with 250 nM DEX, 25.5
μM PBDE, 12 μM DE-71, or 12 μM BDE-47 in relative units. For PPARγ RNA expression during days 1, 2, 4, the number of experimental repeats is 4 for all treatment groups. For days 5, 6, 8, the number of experimental repeats is 5 for all treatment groups. For C/EBPα and LXRα RNA expression during days 1, 2, 4, the number of experimental repeats is 3 for all treatment groups. For days 5, 6, 8, the number of experimental repeats is 5 for all treatment groups. * statistical difference between control and DEX at the given time point, p<0.05; a statistical difference between control and PBDE, p<0.05; b statistical difference between control and BDE-47, p<0.05. Data is expressed as mean ± SEM.