Figure 1.
Acute Versus Chronic Effects of Neighborhood Conditions.
If the event does not occur, health outcomes may be affected negatively by stress and by the opportunity costs of steps taken to avoid the event or to mitigate its effects if it did occur. For example, fear of crime may lead someone to avoid leaving home to make friends, or to install a burglar alarm. This is the chronic path. In contrast, if one is criminally victimized, there is a potential for immediate effects on psychological or physical health. This is the acute path.
Figure 2.
Pathways by which Contextual Life Event Risk May Influence Downstream Outcomes.
A: Moderation of neighborhood conditions by occurrence of life event. B: Direct association of neighborhood conditions with outcome. C and D: Indirect association of neighborhood conditions with outcome modified by negative life event risk.
Table 1.
Categories of Life Events and Prevalence Rates of Recent Negative Life Events Ranked by Level of Neighborhood Similarity.
Figure 3.
Neighborhood Estimated Experience of a Recent Life Event (Empirical Bayes Estimates; CCAHS, 2001–03).
Table 2.
Associations of Individual-level Socio-demographic Variables with Negative Life Events (Odds Ratios).
Table 3.
Associations of Neighborhood Conditions with Any Life Event in Category, Neighborhood Clusters.
Table 4.
Path Analyses of Neighborhood Characteristics, Life Events, and Health Outcomes, Adjusted for Socio-demographics, CCAHS, 2001–03.