Figure 1.
Sampling localities of Xenophrys toads in southern China.
These include: I. Huangshan Mountains, here collected refer to X. huangshanensis from Mt. Dazhang, Wuyuan, Jiangxi; II. X. boettgeri from Mt. Tongbo, Jiangxi; III. X. boettgeri from Mt. Yangjifeng, Jiangxi; IV. X. kuatunensis from Guadun ( = Kuatun), Fujian; V. X. brachykolos from Hong Kong; VI. X. mangshanensis from Mt. Nanling, Guangdong; VII. X. minor from Mt. Emei and Mt. Laojun, Sichuan; VIII. the middle Luoxiao Mountains: X. jinggangensis from the peak of Mt. Jinggang, Jiangxi (a), and Taoyuandong, Hunan (d); Xenophrys lini sp. nov. from Dabali (b) and Niushiping (g) in Hunan; Jingzhushan (c), Bamianshan (e), Nafengmian (i) in Jiangxi; Xenophrys cheni sp. nov. from Jingzhushan (c), Jiangxi, Dayuan (f) and Lishuzhou (h) in Hunan.
Table 1.
Sampling locations, voucher data, and associated GenBank Accession numbers of Xenophrys toads in this study.
Figure 2.
Bayesian inference and maximum-likelihood phylogenies.
The species Paramegophrys oshanensis and Megophrys nasuta were included as outgroup. Numbers above or below branches are bootstrap values based on 1000 replicates for maximum-likelihood analyses (left, >50 retained) and Bayesian posterior probabilities (right, >0.5 retained). Vouchers and Genbank accessions are provided corresponding to information in Table 1. Abbreviations: FJ = Fujian; GD = Guangdong, HK = Hong Kong; HN = Hunan; JX = Jiangxi; SC = Sichuan.
Figure 3.
Multilocus mtDNA networks inferred by SplitsTree
, The networks were constructed based on a concatenated dataset of 422 bp 16S rRNA and 498 bp 12S rRNA sequences for 25 Xenophrys individuals including Paramegophrys oshanensis and Megophrys nasuta as outgroup.
Table 2.
Net average genetic distances between Xenophrys species in southeast China.
Figure 4.
Typical spectrogram of male advertisement calls of six Xenophrys species.
(A) X. cheni sp. nov., (B) X. lini sp. nov., (C) X. jinggangensis, (D) X. huangshanensis, (E) X. boettgeri, and (F) X. kuatunensis.
Table 3.
Vocalization parameters of six Xenophrys species in southeast China.
Table 4.
Measurements (in mm) of the type series of three sympatric Xenophrys species in the middle Luoxiao Mountains, southeast China.
Figure 5.
A. Dorsolateral view of the live adult male Xenophrys lini sp. nov holotype SYS a001420. B: Ventral view of the live holotype. C: A clump of tiny black nuptial spines on the thumb of the preserved holotype. D: Dorsolateral views of the live adult female paratype SYS r0001423. E: Foot with wide lateral fringes and rudimentary webbings on the toes in paratype SYS a002372. F and G: Lateral and dorsal view of X. lini sp. nov. tadpole at stage 32th in preservative. Photographed by YYW.
Figure 6.
A: Dorsolateral view of the live adult male Xenophrys cheni sp. nov. holotype SYS a001873. B: Ventral view of the live holotype. C: Foot with wide lateral fringes and rudimentary webbing on the toes in the live holotype. D and E: Dorsolateral and ventral views of the live adult female paratype SYS r001429. F and G: Hand and foot of the live paratype SYS r001429. Photographed by YYW and JZ.