Figure 1.
Location and altitude of the EMINI study sites.
The large altitude range results in very diverse environmental conditions regarding temperature, vegetation, slope etc.
Figure 2.
A. lumbricoides prevalence in the study sites.
Color coding indicates household prevalence, labels indicate site name and site prevalence. A. lumbricoides infection is strongly clustered both between and within sites.
Figure 3.
Lowess smoothed plot of unadjusted A. lumbricoides prevalence over age.
The main prevalence peak in childhood is in accordance with the age of maximum infection intensity mentioned in the literature [14], [67]. The second rise above the age of 30 with a less pronounced peak in older age seems less common.
Table 1.
Description of variables.
Table 2.
Univariable association of environmental and socio-demographic factors with A. lumbricoides infection a).
Table 3.
Multivariable association of environmental and socio-demographic factors with A. lumbricoides infection using logistic regression with fractional polynomials (n = 6,363).
Figure 4.
Non-linear partial prediction of the log odds of A. lumbricoides infection by annual rainfall.
The partial predicted curve is adjusted for LST-day, slope, SES, age, latrine coverage and the nine study sites. The maximum is at 1740 mm of mean annual rainfall. Grey shadings indicate 95% confidence band.
Figure 5.
Spatial autocorrelation of A. lumbricoides infection within sites.
Moran's I for spatial autocorrelation of A. lumbricoides infection in the raw data and in the deviance residuals of the final multivariable model. Values above 0 indicate positive, values below 0 negative spatial autocorrelation. The figure only considers autocorrelation between households within the same sites.