Table 1.
Participant characteristics.
Figure 1.
After reading the cue, the participant closes his eyes, pushes a button, and begins imagining. At the completion of gait imagery, he again presses the button and opens his eyes.
Figure 2.
Regions were identified for each individual separately based on standard definitions (see Methods). Shown are examples of regions defined for four subjects: supplementary motor area (a), putamen and globus pallidus (b), cerebellar locomotor region (c), and mesencephalic locomotor region (d). A-Anterior; P-Posterior; R-Right; L-Left.
Table 2.
Mean (SD) of Talairach coordinates for each region of interest.
Figure 3.
Gait imagery times in FoG− and FoG+ during short and long gait imagery tasks.
“Long” gait imagery tasks took significantly longer than “short” gait imagery tasks (denoted by *, F1,16 = 34.6; p<0.001, repeated measures ANOVA). Differences between FoG+ and FoG− did not reach significance.
Figure 4.
Correlation between actual and imagined walking times for freezers and non-freezers.
Correlation statistics represent all participants.
Table 3.
Beta weights during imagined standing, normalized to rest.
Figure 5.
Mean Beta weights (with respect to rest) for FoG- and FoG+ during imagined walking in the right GP.
A group effect, corrected for MDS-UPDRS and gait imagery speed, was noted such that FoG+ exhibited smaller BOLD signal than FoG- (p = 0.01). Error bars represent standard error of the mean.
Figure 6.
Mean beta weights (with respect to rest) for FoG− and FoG+ during imagined walking in the right SMA, right GP, and right MLR.
Error bars represent standard error of the mean. *ANCOVA group differences after correcting for MDS-UPDRS and gait imagery speed.
Table 4.
Mean (SD) beta weights and p-values for imagined walking in FoG− and FoG+, normalized to rest.
Table 5.
Correlation (Spearman's Rho and p-value) between imagined walking beta weights and actual overground walking speed.