Table 1.
An assessment norm for the anaphylactoid reactions and anaphylaxis in dogs.
Table 2.
Grades and scores for anaphylactoid reactions in dogs after the first intravenous administration.
Table 3.
The change in plasma histamine concentrations after the first intravenous administration.
Figure 1.
Effect of vitamin K1 (VK1) injection on systolic blood pressure (A) and diastolic blood pressure (B) in Beagle dogs.
The change in blood pressure is presented as the decrease in blood pressure from before to after drug administration. The values are shown as the mean ± SE, n = 6. *P<0.05, **P<0.01 vs. control. VK1-FE: vitamin K1-fat emulsion.
Table 4.
The grades and scores of symptoms in dogs after the challenge with vitamin K1 (VK1) injection and vitamin K1-fat emulsion (VK1-FE).
Table 5.
The scores of the symptoms shown by the dogs after three sensitizations with vitamin K1 (VK1) injection and vitamin K1-fat emulsion (VK1-FE).
Table 6.
Grades and scores for the symptoms presented by the dogs in a cross-challenge experiment.
Table 7.
The change in plasma IgE concentrations after the challenge with vitamin K1 (VK1) injection and vitamin K1-fat emulsion (VK1-FE).
Figure 2.
Effect of vitamin K1 (VK1) injection on β-hexosaminidase release in RBL-2H3 cells.
RBL-2H3 cells were treated with the different drugs for 30 min. The supernatants were collected, and the absorbance was measured at 405 nm. The supernatant from cells stimulated with Triton was considered to represent the total β-hexosaminidase release. The β-hexosaminidase release rates are shown as the mean ± SE, n = 6. *P<0.05, **P<0.01 vs. control (conl). VK1-FE: vitamin K1-fat emulsion.
Figure 3.
Effect of vitamin K1 (VK1) injection on histamine release in RBL-2H3 cells.
RBL-2H3 cells were treated with the different drugs for 30 min. The supernatants were collected and measured by spectrofluorometry. PBS was used as a blank, and the supernatant from cells stimulated with Triton was considered to represent the total histamine release. The histamine release rates are shown as the mean ± SE, n = 6. *P<0.05, **P<0.01 vs. control (conl). VK1-FE: vitamin K1-fat emulsion.
Figure 4.
Effect of vitamin K1 (VK1) on apoptosis of RBL-2H3 cells by fluorescence staining.
AnnexinV-FITC-stained cells appear green at the early stage of apoptosis. PI caused the cells to appear red during the middle to late stages of apoptosis. The magnification is 400×. The merged green and red images represent total apoptosis. VK1-FE: vitamin K1-fat emulsion.
Figure 5.
Effect of vitamin K1 (VK1) injection on the apoptosis of RBL-2H3 cells by flow cytometry.
Apoptotic cells were identified by Annexin V-FITC and PI staining. The concentrations of Tween-80 are 1000, 100, and 10 µg/mL, from top to bottom. The values are shown as the mean ± SE, n = 6. *P<0.05, **P<0.01 vs. control (conl). VK1-FE: vitamin K1-fat emulsion.