Figure 1.
Measurement of the clock-hour location and extent of the retinoschisis.
The superior clock hour was 12 o'clock; the others were assigned in a clockwise manner in the right eye and counterclockwise in the left.
Table 1.
Clinical characteristics of glaucoma group and healthy control group.
Table 2.
Clinical characteristic of 22 glaucoma patients with retinoschisis.
Table 3.
Comparison of clinical factors between glaucomatous eyes with retinoschisis and those without.
Table 4.
Factors associated with peripapillary retinoschisis in glaucoma group.
Figure 2.
Infrared (IR) (A, B, D) and red-free fundus photograph (C), and SD-OCT (E, F, G, H) images in eyes with peripapillary retinoschisis.
(A) In the IR image, peripapillary retinoschisis was identified as a dark, localized area with a smooth margin, which had a narrower base attached to the optic disc border, fanning out along the path of nerve fiber bundles. (B) Same image as (A) with labels. The area of the retinoschisis (orange line) overlaps with the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) defect (white lines). (C) In the red-free fundus photograph, only the localized RNFL defect is seen. (D, E) The region of retinoschisis demarcated based on the circumpapillary B-scan image corresponding to the dark area shown in IR images. (F, G) Horizontal linear macular scan image. Note that the retinoschisis is localized in the peripapillary area (arrowheads), not involving the macular region (arrow). (H, I) Volume-rendered images. Note the elevation of the dark area at the locations of the retinoschisis.
Figure 3.
Circumpapillary B-scan images in cases 4 (A) and 11 (B).
(A) Only the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) is involved. (B) The RNFL and the inner nuclear layer (INL) are involved.
Figure 4.
Retinal layers (A) and circular extent (B) involved in retinoschisis.
(A) Involvement of only the RNFL was most frequent (13 retinoschisis). The RNFL was involved together with other layers in 12 retinoschisis. RNFL = retinal nerve fiber layer, GCL = ganglion cell layer, IPL = inner plexiform layer, INL = inner nuclear layer, OPL = outer plexiform layer, ONL = outer nuclear layer, ELM = external limiting membrane, IS-OS = junction between the photoreceptor inner and outer segments.
Figure 5.
Optic disc photograph (A), en-face image (B), B-scan SD-OCT images (a, b, c), and infrared (IR) image (C) with circumpapillary B-scan image (D) in case 22.
(A, B) A pit is seen near the disc margin (black arrows). (a, b, c) Horizontal B-scan images obtained at the location of pit (marked with dotted lines in A and B). Note the LC defect (large white arrows) at the location of optic disc pit. Retinoschisis is observed in all three B-scans (large arrow heads). (C, D) Retinoschisis is seen adjacent to the optic disc pit in both the IR (small white arrow) and the circumpapillary B-scan image (small arrow heads).
Table 5.
Intraocular pressure profile around the new development of retinoschisis (n = 6).
Figure 6.
SD-OCT findings in a case of resolution of the retinoschisis (case 19).
(A) The retinoschisis is observed in the B-scan image (white double arrows). (B) The retinoschisis is absent (single white arrow) in the image obtained 3 months later. According to the sector thickness map, superotemporal RNFL thickness was decreased from 95 (at the time of retinoschisis) to 47 µm (after resolution). The remarkable decrease in the retinal nerve fiber layer thickness in the superotemporal area is also seen in the TSNIT graphs (black arrows).
Table 6.
Intraocular pressure profile and anti-glaucoma intervention around the resolution of retinoschisis (n = 9).