Figure 1.
Map of Trinidad showing distribution of the soil series analyzed and the sampling locations.
Table 1.
Characteristics of soils used in this studya.
Table 2.
Soil Elemental Propertiesa.
Table 3.
Nitrification Potentiala.
Table 4.
Correlations between nitrification potential and edaphic propertiesa.
Figure 2.
Box and whisker plots of gene abundance determined by qPCR.
Panel A, Archaeal amoA; Panel B, Archaeal 16S rRNA; Panel C, Bacterial 16S rRNA. Symbol colors correspond to soil types: red, sandy loam; blue, silty loam; green, clay. Soil name abbreviations are: A, Arena; B, Brasso; E, Ecclesville; P, Piarco; R, River Estate; S, St. Augustine; T, Talparo; W, Princes Town.
Figure 3.
Neighbour joining consensus tree of archaeal amoA phylotypes.
Colored branches indicate the Nitrosotalea cluster (green) and Nitrososphaera cluster (blue). Boot strap values are indicated at nodes. Cluster designations follow the classification of Pester et al. [25] based on nucleic acid alignment of archaeal amoA.
Figure 4.
Principle coordinate plot of archaeal amoA clone libraries (Panel A) and bacterial amoA clone libraries (Panel B).
Symbol colors correspond to soil pH: red, acidic (pH<6); green, circum-neutral (pH 6.2, 6.6), blue, alkaline (pH 7.8, 8.2), purple, multiple pH. Letters indicate soil names that are abbreviated as: A, Arena; B, Brasso; E, Ecclesville; P, Piarco; R, River Estate; S, St. Augustine; T, Talparo; W, Princes Town.
Figure 5.
Neighbor joining consensus tree of bacterial AmoA phylotypes.
Colored branches indicate the Nitrosomonas cluster (green) and Nitrosospira cluster (blue). Boot strap values are indicated at nodes. Values in red are cluster designations following the classification of Avrahami et al. [48] based on amino acid alignment of bacterial AmoA.
Figure 6.
Non-metric multidimensional scaling plots of archaeal amoA terminal restriction fragment profiles generated by digestion with MspI (Panel A) or RsaI (Panel B).
Symbol colors correspond to soil types, letters indicate soil names and values are the replicate number for the indicated soil. Soil name abbreviations: A, Arena; B, Brasso; E, Ecclesville; P, Piarco; R, River Estate; S, St. Augustine; T, Talparo; W, Princes Town.
Table 5.
BEST variables explaining variation between soils in archaeal amoA RsaI terminal restriction fragment profilesa.
Figure 7.
Non-metric multidimensional scaling plots of bacterial amoA terminal restriction fragment profiles generated by digestion with MspI (Panel A) or RsaI (Panel B).
Symbol colors correspond to soil types, letters indicate soil names and values are the replicate number from the indicated soil. Soil name abbreviations: A, Arena; B, Brasso; E, Ecclesville; P, Piarco; R, River Estate; S, St. Augustine; T, Talparo; W, Princes Town.
Table 6.
BEST Variables explaining variation between soils in bacterial amoA MspI terminal restriction fragment profilesa.