Table 1.
Spodoptera frugiperda male trapping experiments conducted in North America, the Caribbean and South America.
Table 2.
Composition of pheromone lures used to attract Spodoptera frugiperda males in the field.
Figure 1.
Attraction of Spodoptera frugiperda corn- and rice-strain males to two 4-component blends in different regions.
Bars show the mean percentage of males caught per trap (Blend 1∶100% Z9-14:OAc +13% Z11-16:OAc +2% Z7-12:OAc +1% Z9-12:OAc; Blend 2∶100% Z9-14:OAc +8% Z11-16:OAc +4% Z7-12:OAc +2% Z9-12:OAc) and per biological replicate. There were three biological replicates per field (n = 3), except for all fields in North Carolina (n = 1) and for rice-strain males in Peru (n = 1), where only one replicate caught males. The standard errors in all fields in North Carolina show the variation between rotations in one replicate (n = 3), while all other error bars show the variation between biological replicates (n = 3). Numbers in brackets/bars represent the total number of males caught,* = P<0.05,** = P<0.01, n.s. = not significant. Data from Florida are adapted from [52].
Table 3.
Test statistics on the Spodoptera frugiperda male trap catches of different experiments.
Figure 2.
Attraction of corn-strain (A) and rice-strain (B) males to different doses of Z7-12:OAc.
Bars represent the mean percentage of males caught per trap (0%, 2%, 4%, or 10% Z7-12:OAc +100% Z9-14:OAc) and per biological replicate (n = 3). Different letters above the bars indicate significant differences. Error bars show the variation between biological replicates (n = 3). Numbers in brackets/bars represent the total number of males caught. Data from Florida are adapted from [52].
Figure 3.
Attraction of corn-strain (A) and rice-strain (B) males to different doses of Z11-16:OAc.
Bars represent the mean percentage of males caught per trap (0%, 8%, 13%, or 18% Z11-16:OAc +100% Z9-14:OAc +2% Z7-12:OAc) and per biological replicate (n = 3). Error bars show the variation between biological replicates (n = 3). Numbers in the bars represent the total number of males caught. n.s. = not significant. Data from Florida are adapted from [52].
Figure 4.
Attraction of Spodoptera frugiperda males to different doses of E7-12:OAc and Z7-12:OAc in different fields.
Bars show the mean percentage of males caught per trap (100% Z9-14:OAc+a: 2% E7-12:OAc, b: 2% Z7-12:OAc, c: 1% E- and Z-7-12:OAc, d: 2% E- and Z-7-12:OAc) and per biological replicate. The standard errors in all fields in North Carolina (NC) show the variation between rotations in one replicate (n = 3), while error bars in Peru show the variation between biological replicates (n = 3). Males from Peru are corn-strain males, while males from NC could not be strain-typed but probably belonged to both strains. Numbers in brackets/bars represent the total number of males caught. Different letters above the bars indicate significant differences. n.s. = not significant.