Table 1.
Population statistics.
Table 2.
Default network [39].
Figure 1.
Scree plot for the THQ shows the number of components and the corresponding eigenvalues (see Figure 1).
When the drop ceases and the curve makes an elbow toward less steep decline, all further components after the one starting the elbow can be dropped. The scree plot indicates that three factors would be ideal.
Table 3.
The items for the TCSQ. Results from the factor analysis using principal component extraction.
Table 4.
Correlation analysis between the TCSQ and respectively COPE, Tinnitus loudness, Tinnitus distress, BDI, the different subscales of the TQ and the total score of the TQ.
Table 5.
A comparison of the mean score on the three factors for the two cluster groups.
Table 6.
Tinnitus loudness, Tinnitus annoyance, BDI, subscale of TQ (emotional distress, cognitive distress, intrusiveness, perceptual differences, sleep disturbance, somatic problems) & Total score on the TQ.
Figure 2.
(A) Increased activity in the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (BA9) for tinnitus patients using a maladaptive coping style in comparison to tinnitus patients using an adaptive coping style for the frequency band Alpha1. (B) Region of interest analysis shows increased activity in the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (BA9) for tinnitus patients using a maladaptive coping style in comparison to tinnitus patients using an adaptive coping style for Alpha1. (C & D) Increased activity in the subgenual anterior cingulate cortex (BA25) for tinnitus patients using a maladaptive coping style in comparison to tinnitus patients using an adaptive coping style for the frequency band Alpha2. (E) Region of interest analysis shows increased activity in the subgenual anterior cingulate cortex (BA25) for tinnitus patients using a maladaptive coping style in comparison to tinnitus patients using an adaptive coping style for Alpha2.
Figure 3.
(A) A significant positive correlation between maladaptive coping behavior and alpha1 activity in the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex on whole brain analysis. (B) A significant positive correlation after a ROI analysis between the left DLPFC (BA9/46) and maladaptive coping behavior.
Figure 4.
Connectivity analysis (lagged phase synchronization) yielded in a significant difference (p<.05) between maladaptive and adaptive tinnitus patients for the alpha2 frequency band.
Increased lagged phase coherence could be found in general for tinnitus patients using a maladaptive coping style in comparison to tinnitus patients using an adaptive coping style in default network extending to the sgACC.
Figure 5.
A correlation analysis between lagged phase coherence and maladaptive coping behavior revealed significant effects for the alpha 1 and alpha2 default network.
(A) Increased functional connectivity (lagged phase synchronization) correlated with maladaptive behavior for the default network in Alpha1. (B) Increased functional connectivity (lagged phase synchronization) correlated with maladaptive behavior for the default network in Alpha2.