Figure 1.
Process overview of the model.
This figure illustrates the order of the processes executed by the model entities and their timing regime.
Figure 2.
Interactions between behavior, emotional state and attitudes.
This figure illustrates the effect of behavior on an individual’s emotional state and its partner-specific attitudes towards others and vice versa. Solid arrows indicate an increasing effect, while dashed arrows indicate a decreasing effect. Partner-specific effects are depicted as black and general effects are depicted as grey arrows. Light grey arrows depict effects that also depend on other factors, such as the rank of the opponent or the outcome of a fight. See Subsection Basic Principles and the respective Submodels for more details.
Figure 3.
Behavioral probability functions.
The upper part of this figure (A) shows the general probability for affiliative behavior as a function of the LIKE attitude of ego towards the potential partner (x-axis), depending on the level of an individual’s intrinsic motivation to perform affiliative behavior (dotted line: high motivation, dashed line: intermediate motivation, solid line: no intrinsic motivation) and on the setting of LPS (see panels). The internal motivation is calculated based on ego’s level of anxiety and satisfaction (see text and equation for myAFF_MOT). Higher LPS results in lower affiliation probabilities for potential partners towards whom ego assigns a low LIKE attitude. Thus, with higher LPS ego becomes more selective and prefers high-LIKE partners relatively more than low-LIKE partners. The lower part of this figure (B) shows the probability for agonistic behavior as a function of the FEAR attitude of ego towards the potential partner (x-axis), depending on the level of ego’s anxiety (dotted line: high anxiety, dashed line: intermediate anxiety, solid line: no anxiety). The panel shows the specific behavioral probabilities for aggression, submission and avoidance.
Table 1.
Model validation and tuned parameters.
Table 2.
Differences between subordinates and dominants.
Table 3.
Differences between similar and distant-ranked dyads.
Table 4.
Group patterns.
Table 5.
Patterns emergent from our model.
Figure 4.
Emotional levels and behavioral rates per rank category.
This figure shows the averaged levels of the emotional state and rates of behavior for dominants (black box-plots) and subordinates (grey box-plots) at different settings of selectivity (LPS). Proximity is measured as the average number of individuals in proximity. The LIKE attitudes were measured as the average level of all dyadic LIKE attitudes an (subordinate or dominant) individual directed to other group members. Grooming given is measured in MINUTES per HOUR per individual. Signals, approach, leaving, avoid and attacks are measured in occurrences per hour given per individual. Levels of arousal, anxiety and satisfaction levels were averaged per individual. The box-plots show the results of 10 simulation runs, averaged over 1 YEAR.