Figure 1.
Experience sampling methodology (ESM) showing the details of a single day in the ESM paradigm.
At 10 random moments during the day, mental states (eg anxiety, low mood, paranoia, being happy) and contexts (stress, company, activity, drug use) are assessed. The arrows represent examples of prospectively analysing the impact of mental states and contexts on each other over time, allowing for the construction of an ecological psychopathology interactome.
Table 1.
Mechanistic findings in Psychiatry with Experience Sampling Method (ESM).
Figure 2.
Prospective development (from top to bottom) of a cross-diagnostic network of momentary mental states and contexts making up an ecological psychopathology interactome.
Prospective development (from top to bottom) of a cross-diagnostic network of momentary mental states and contexts making up the ecological psychopathology interactome; the DSM diagnosis evolves (from top to bottom) with the dynamics of the network, showing qualitative changes, as the DSM system assumes that a “different disease” has manifested itself. Thickness of the arrows reflect the strength of the associations between the elements in the psychopathology interactome.
Figure 3.
Hypothesized relationship between Momentary Psychotic Experiences, assessed in the Experience Sampling paradigm, and Clinical Psychotic Symptoms, measured with the PANSS.
The degree to which Momentary Psychotic Experiences (Psy) are manifested as Clinical Psychotic Symptoms (i.e. their clinical relevance) is determined by interactions between Momentary Psychotic Experiences and momentary negative affect (NA – higher levels increasing clinical relevance of momentary psychosis), momentary positive affect (PA – higher levels decreasing clinical relevance of momentary psychosis) and momentary environmental stress (Env – higher levels increasing level of momentary NA and thus increasing clinical relevance of momentary psychosis). Thickness and colour of arrows indicate respectively strength and direction of association.
Figure 4.
Clinical relevance of Momentary Psychotic Experiences (expressed as association with Clinical Psychotic Symptoms) as a function of momentary ecological and emotional moderators.
Table 2.
Degree to which Momentary Psychotic Experiences in the ESM paradigm manifest as Clinical Psychotic Symptoms at PANSS interview, contingent on momentary context and emotion variables.
Figure 5.
Clinical relevance of Momentary (Auditory) Hallucinatory Experiences (expressed as association with Clinical Psychotic Symptoms) as a function of momentary paranoid ideation.
*expressed as association with Clinical Psychotic Symptoms.
Figure 6.
Clinical relevance of Momentary (Visual) Hallucinatory Experiences (expressed as association with Clinical Psychotic Symptoms) as a function of momentary paranoid ideation.
*expressed as association with Clinical Psychotic Symptoms.
Table 3.
Degree to which Momentary (Auditory) Hallucinatory Experiences in the ESM paradigm manifest as Clinical Psychotic Symptoms at PANSS interview, contingent on momentary paranoid ideation.
Table 4.
Degree to which Momentary (Visual) Hallucinatory Experiences in the ESM paradigm manifest as Clinical Psychotic Symptoms at PANSS interview, contingent on momentary paranoid ideation.
Figure 7.
Treatment relevance of Momentary Psychotic Experiences (expressed as association with Unmet Treatment Needs) as a function of momentary ecological and emotional moderators.
Table 5.
Degree to which Momentary Psychotic Experiences in the ESM paradigm are associated with Unmet Treatment Needs at CAN interview, contingent on momentary context and emotion variables, and adjusted for PANSS psychopathology (PANSS positive, negative and general factors).
Figure 8.
Treatment relevance of Momentary (Auditory) Hallucinatory Experiences (expressed as association with Unmet Treatment Needs) as a function of momentary paranoid ideation.
*expressed as association with Clinical Psychotic Symptoms.
Figure 9.
Treatment relevance of Momentary (Visual) Hallucinatory Experiences (expressed as association with Unmet Treatment Needs) as a function of momentary paranoid ideation.
*expressed as association with Clinical Psychotic Symptoms.
Table 6.
Degree to which Momentary (Auditory) Hallucinatory Experiences in the ESM paradigm are associated with Unmet Treatment Needs at CAN interview, contingent on momentary paranoid ideation, and adjusted for PANSS psychopathology (PANSS positive, negative and general factors).
Table 7.
Degree to which Momentary (Visual) Hallucinatory Experiences in the ESM paradigm are associated with Unmet Treatment Needs at CAN interview, contingent on momentary paranoid ideation, and adjusted for PANSS psychopathology (PANSS positive, negative and general factors).