Table 1.
Primers targeting some genes encoding metal-resistance in microbes.
Table 2.
Profile of mine water samples collected from the vanadium mine, South Africa (n = 3).
Figure 1.
Relative abundance and diversity of bacterial phylum and classes in South African mine water.
Table 3.
Summary of pyrosequencing data from mine water samples.
Figure 2.
Composition of the bacterial orders, family and genera detected in the mine water with sequences of the variable region V1–3 of the 16S rRNA genes.
Figure 3.
Growth curve of MWI-1 in a metal-free medium (HMC broth) inoculated at different temperatures (25°C, 30°C, 35°C) at pH 7.2±0.2 for 24 h.
Figure 4.
Growth performance of MWI-1 in a medium containing either V5+ (A) or Ni2+ (B) or both (B) at 100 mg/L and 200 mg/L, 30°C, pH 7.2±0.2.
Table 4.
MWI-1 isolate tolerance limits (MIC and 24 h LC50) to V5+ and Ni2+, and removal ability in the modified liquid media (n = 5).
Table 5.
Unadjusted and adjusted hierarchical regression model-Percentage removal.
Table 6.
Percentage die-off rate of Marinobacter sp. MWI-1 stressed with V5+ and Ni2+ over various pH in wastewater liquid media (n = 3).
Table 7.
Unadjusted and adjusted hierarchical regression model-pH effect vs die-off rate, n = 30.
Figure 5.
Scanning electron micrograph of strain MWI-1 grown on wastewater liquid media without test metal stressed (A), with vanadium stress (B) and with nickel stress (C).
Figure 6.
FTIR spectra of Marinobacter sp. MWI-1 before and after exposure to test metals.
Figure 7.
Phylogenetic tree using the neighbour-joining method, constructed and based on the bacterial 16S rRNA gene sequence detected in the present study along with similar sequences detected from the NCBI and RDP databases.
Figure 8.
Agarose gel electrophoresis of PCR products of total genomic DNAs with primers targeting gene nccA (Lane: 4), van2 (lane: 3), smtAB (lane: 2) and cnrB2 (lane: 1).
Lanes: M: DNA ladder (Marker) and B: Negative (No template DNA).