Table 1.
δ15N values of amino acids and time in captivity for Pacific bluefin tuna (Thunnus orientalis).
Table 2.
Average δ15N values of amino acids in individual parts of the PBFT captive diet.
Figure 1.
Change in amino acid δ15N values in white muscle in captive Pacific bluefin tuna (Thunnus orientalis).
Isotopic change over time following a diet shift in A) four source amino acids - glycine (open circle), lysine (open square), serine (open triangle), threonine (open inverted triangle), and B) five trophic amino acids - alanine (filled circle), glutamic acid (filled square), leucine (filled triangle), proline (filled inverted triangle), and valine (unfilled diamond) in Pacific bluefin tuna white muscle tissue. Lines represent best fit lines for an exponential fit model.
Table 3.
Time-based 15N amino acid incorporation rate, half-life (t0.5) and steady state (t0.95) estimates, in days, with 95% confidence intervals calculated from an exponential fit model for Pacific bluefin tuna (Thunnus orientalis).
Figure 2.
Growth based changes in amino acid isotopic composition in captive Pacific bluefin tuna (Thunnus orientalis).
Incorporation of 15N into amino acids of white muscle tissue as a function of relative growth (WR). A) Four source amino acids, glycine (unfilled circle), lysine (unfilled square), serine (unfilled triangle), threonine (unfilled inverted triangle), and B) five trophic amino acids - alanine (filled circle), glutamic acid (filled square), leucine (filled triangle), proline (filled inverted triangle), and valine (unfilled diamond) are given. Lines represent best fit lines for an exponential fit model.
Table 4.
Amino acid 15N incorporation rates and growth-based half-life (G0.5) estimates for exponential fit models of relative growth (WR) with 95% confidence intervals in Pacific bluefin tuna (Thunnus orientalis).
Figure 3.
Reaction-progress variables for isotopic changes of amino acids in captive Pacific bluefin tuna (Thunnus orientalis).
Changes in isotopic composition over time of A) four source amino acids, glycine (unfilled circle), lysine (unfilled square), serine (unfilled triangle), threonine (unfilled inverted triangle), and B) five trophic amino acids - alanine (filled circle), glutamic acid (filled square), leucine (filled triangle), proline (filled inverted triangle), and valine (unfilled diamond). Lines represent best fit for a linear fit model, with additional exponential fit models for proline and serine.
Figure 4.
Multi-compartment exponential fit model of amino acid isotopic composition of Pacific bluefin tuna (Thunnus orientalis).
Changes of δ15N values of proline (filled inverted triangle), a trophic amino acid, and serine (unfilled triangle), a source amino acid in white muscle tissue of Pacific bluefin tuna as a function of time. Solid lines represent the single compartment exponential fit model and dashed lines include a second compartment within the model as described by Cerling et al. (2006).
Table 5.
Parameters with 95% confidence intervals for a linear fit model of the reaction-progress variable for individual amino acids.
Table 6.
Data-derived steady-state nitrogen isotopic composition and TDF values of individual amino acids in Pacific bluefin tuna (Thunnus orientalis).
Figure 5.
Comparison of amino acid isotopic composition in wild and captive Pacific bluefin tuna (Thunnus orientalis).
Change in δ15N values of amino acids of white muscle tissue with time following a natural diet shift. A) Two source amino acids, glycine (unfilled circle), lysine (unfilled square), and B) two trophic amino acids - alanine (filled circle), proline (filled inverted triangle) are given. Wild samples are shown as grey shaded symbols.
Figure 6.
Schematic of fractionation between amino acids following a diet shift with variable incorporation rates.
Difference in δ15N values of two combinations of source and trophic amino acids. A) Isotopic change between source (dashed line) and trophic (solid line) amino acids with dissimilar turnover rates at two time points compared to B) those of source (dashed line) and trophic (solid line) amino acids turning over at similar speeds.