Figure 1.
Franciscana Management Areas (FMA) and sampling.
Sample sizes and localities across the species' distribution (dark grey) and the four FMAs (I to IV) proposed by Secchi et al. (2003). Circles indicate new samples, squares indicate sequences from the literature (Secchi et al. 1998, Lázaro et al. 2004). ES: Espírito Santo; RJN: northern Rio de Janeiro; RJS: southern Rio de Janeiro; SPN: northern São Paulo; SPC: central São Paulo; SPS: southern São Paulo; PR: Paraná; SC: Santa Catarina; RS: Rio Grande do Sul; URU: Uruguay; ARG: Argentina.
Figure 2.
Median-joining network of franciscana control region haplotypes.
Relationship among 30 haplotypes determined by analysis of 455
Table 1.
Detailed AMOVA results of the most likely population structure scenarios including all localities (a) and excluding ES and RJN (b), and of the rejected scenarios of panmixia in the northern (c) and southern (d) parts of the species' range.
Figure 3.
Reassessment of the FMA proposal of Secchi et al. (2003) according to the present analyses.
A deep evolutionary break separates franciscanas from North (ES, RJN) and South (RJS to ARG), justifying the recognition of two Evolutionarily Significant Units (ESU). Evidence of genetic differentiation further supports dividing the former FMAI and FMAII. The current proposal includes the subdivision of FMAIII and FMAIV, as suggested by Mendez et al. (2010) and Costa-Urrutia et al. (2012). See text for details.