Figure 1.
Coronal, sagittal, and axial views of the spatial maps and the corresponding spatial patterns of the cognitive and sensory networks in resting state.
a–h represent the RSNs, including VAN, DAN, DMN, SRN, AN, SMN, LVN and MVN, for the experiment group respectively. Red nodes in each spatial pattern represented the regions significantly recruited in the RSN. The red spatial map indicated that the corresponding RSN has exhibited significant alterations of the resting-state functional connectivity after learning. Each map was the result of one-sample t-tests on the individual patterns that were identified using the combined data of pre- and post-rest scans, p<0.005, FDR corrected.
Figure 2.
Network strength in the default mode network decreased in the experimental group but not in the control group.
The RSNs were identified across all participants in the experimental and control groups respectively. Network strength was assessed based on the integrative spatial map of each RSN and further compared between the rest scans before and after learning for each group. * p<0.05.
Figure 3.
Alterations of connectivity strength only in the experimental group after learning.
(a) Alteration of connectivity strength in the lateral visual network. (b) Alterations of connectivity strength in the sensory-motor network. The RSNs were identified across all participants in the experimental and control groups respectively. The connectivity strength was measured statistically based on each voxel in the spatial map of each RSN and further compared between the rest scans before and after learning for each group. The statistical threshold was set at p<0.05, corrected for multiple comparisons at the cluster level.
Table 1.
Regions in RSNs exhibited alterations of the connectivity strength after learning for both experimental and control groups.