Figure 1.
Geographic distribution of Panamanian subjects living with HIV participating in the study.
Map of Panama indicating the number of infected subjects located in each of the nine provinces (Bocas del Toro, Chiriquí, Veraguas, Herrera, Los Santos, Coclé, Colón, Panamá and Darién) and native territories of Comarcas Ngöbe Buglé, Kuna Yala and Emberá Wouman. The pie chart that represents the proportion of subjects located at the different districts from eastern Panama which includes the provinces of Panama, Colón, Darién and Comarca Kuna Yala.
Table 1.
Demographic and clinical characteristics of the study population compared to National Governmental Report of Panamanian HIV cases (1984–2012).
Figure 2.
Phylogenetic Neighbor-Joining tree of HIV pol gene sequences from Panamanian infected subjects sampled from 2007 to 2013.
(A) Panamanian HIV (black circles) are clustered with highly support within the clade of subtype B (n = 648), subtype F1 (n = 1) and subtype C (n = 1) reference sequences. For clarification purposes, branches have been compressed by each subtype. Bootstrap values higher than 80 are shown at branches. (B) Clustering of subtype B sequences defined by colored range of diagnostic age.
Figure 3.
Phylogenetic Neighbor-Joining tree of HIV pol gene sequences from Panamanian HIV recombinant variants BF1, BC and BG clustered with circulating recombinant forms (CRF) references.
Subtypes and CRF references are indicated at right of the brackets. Only bootstrap values of more than 80 are shown at the corresponding nodes. Panamanian isolates are shown with black circles. For clarity purposes, branches have been compressed by each subtype. Bootscanning plots of these recombinants are shown aside. Reference sequences used for bootscanning analyses shown by color (subtype B, blue; subtype F1, green; subtype C, purple; subtype G, dark-green and subtype A1, red).
Table 2.
Comparative analysis of the breakpoints positions between HIV-1 Panamanian recombinants sequences and the most closely related CRFs sequences.
Table 3.
Epidemiological information of Panamanian subjects with non-B subtypes and recombinant variants BG, BC and BF.
Figure 4.
pol gene ML phylogenetic tree of non-B HIV-1 Panamanian sequences and 50 highly similar (nucleotide similarity > 94%) sequences from other countries selected with Blastn analyses.
(A) BC recombinant. (B) BF1 recombinant. (C) BG recombinant. (D) subtype F1 (E) subtype C. Panamanian non-B sequences are shown in highlighted red color. The tree was rooted using reference subtype sequences. The numbers along branches correspond to aLRT values. Bar is in nucleotide substitutions per site. The pie chart shows the proportion of countries represented by the Blastn analysis. Countries correspond with defined colors which are specified in each pie chart.