Figure 1.
Behavioral response of red deer and wild boar to predator scent.
Average percentage of time red deer (upper panel) and wild boar (lower panel) spent on different behavior types (± SE) on control plots (grey bars) and plots with fresh wolf scat (black bars). Numbers are based on 67 and 16 visits of red deer and 55 and 70 visits of wild boar in control and wolf scat plots respectively. Significant differences between control and wolf scat plots within each behavioral category are indicated by the asterisks (at P < 0.05 with Mann Whitney U-test).
Figure 2.
Duration of behavioral response of red deer to predator scent.
Average percentage of time (± SE) red deer were vigilant, foraging and sniffing on control plots (grey bars) and plots with fresh wolf scat (black bars). Behavior is shown for the first and second week of the experiment, when both control and wolf scat plots were present. Subsequently, only wolf scat plots have been monitored up to 5 weeks after adding wolf scat. Significant differences between control and wolf scat plots within the first and second week are indicated by the asterisks (at P < 0.05 with Mann Whitney U-test).