Table 1.
Experiment design and the characteristic of the absorption materials.
Figure 1.
Anatomical structure of the nasal cavity through a vertical sectional view of a chicken's skull.
(A) nostril, (B) concha nasalis rostralis, (C) concha nasalis media, (D) concha nasalis media, (E) concha nasalis caudalis, (F) vomer, (G) openng into sinus cavity, (H) choanal cleft, (I) opening of ductus nasolacrimalis.
Figure 2.
Transverse views of the six cross-sections (I–VI) from chicken's nasal cavity.
(a) concha nasalis rostralis, (b) concha nasalis media, (c) nasal meatus, (d) maxillary nerve of nervi trigeminus, (e) nasal septum, (f) inferior nasal meatus, (g) infraorbital sinus, (h) concha nasalis caudalis, (i) choanal cleft.
Figure 3.
HE staining of the cross-section IV from the chicken's nasal cavity.
(A) Panoramic scanning of the section, (b) concha nasalis media, (c) meatus nasi, (d) optic nerve of nervi trigeminus, (e) nasal septum, (f) inferior nasal meatus, (g) infraorbital sinus, (i) choanal cleft. (B) Diffuse lymphoid follicle covered by FAE located on the concha nasalis media. (C) NALT located on the dorsal side of choanal cleft. (D) NALT located on the nasal septum.
Figure 4.
Absorption of typan blue by chicken nasal mucosa.
(A) The forepart of the nasal cavity, (B) Medial side of the concha nasalis media, (C) Lateral side of the concha nasalis media, (D) Mucous glands, (E) Posterior region of the nasal cavity, (F) Apoptosis detection by immunohistochemistry on the trypan blue positive tissues. Column I×100;Column II×200;Column III×400. (G1) control (no trypan blue) ×400, (G2) iso-type control ×400. Essentially similar results were obtained in three independent experiments.
Figure 5.
Absorption of OVA by chicken nasal mucosa.
(A) Medial side of the concha nasalis media, (B) Lateral side of the concha nasalis media, (C) Mucous gland, (D) NALT, (E) Backgroud control. Column I×100; Column II×200; Column III×400. Essentially similar results were obtained in three independent experiments.
Figure 6.
Absorption of 30 nm FLP by chicken nasal mucosa.
(A) The forepart of the nasal cavity (×5), (B) Mucosa of the concha nasalis media (×16), (C) Mucous glands (×32), (D) NALTs (×16), (E) Backgroud control. The 30 nm FLP were fluorescent green, the nucleus were staining with DAPI (fluorescent blue). Essentially similar results were obtained in two independent experiments.
Figure 7.
Absorption of 50 nm FLP by chicken nasal mucosa.
(A) Stratified squamous epithelium (×5), (B) Mucosa of concha nasalis media (×16), (C) Mucous gland (×32), (D) NALTs (×32), (E) Backgroud control. The 50 nm FLP were fluorescent blue, the microfilament were staining with phalloidin (fluorescent green). Essentially similar results were obtained in two independent experiments.
Figure 8.
Absorption of IAIV by NALT on the septum.
(A) Layer scanning by LSCM (×20), (B) lateral view of three-dimensional image (×20), (C) Merge of layer scanning images (×20), (D) Virtual HE stain of the merged image (×20). Essentially similar results were obtained in two independent experiments.
Figure 9.
Changes of relative fluorescence area of IAIV in NALT.
Significance of difference between groups (P<0.01) was calculated using ANOVA. Identical upper-case letters indicate no statistical difference. Values are given as means ± SEM of 2 separate experiments.