Figure 1.
Historic and contemporary Holarctic distribution of wolverines and sampling localities.
Historic and current distribution of wolverines in Eurasia (adapted from National Geographic Society [116]) and North America (adapted from COSEWIC [115]), and sampled localities from Wilson et al. [45] - triangle; Walker et al. [15] - star; Tomasik and Cook [55] - inverted triangle; Cegelski et al. [49] - solid circle; Schwartz et al. [60] - solid square; Frances [59] - diamond; Zigouris et al. [51] - open circle; Rochnov and Meschersky unpub. - open square; New contemporary samples - plus sign; and New historic samples - x symbol.
Figure 2.
Scenarios used in DIYABC and logistic regression.
Graphic representation of the four scenarios used in DIYABC and logistic regression of posterior probabilities with a recent bottleneck (20th century) for MB-ON. Please note that time is not to scale.
Figure 3.
Geographical distribution of mtDNA haplotypes.
The geographic distribution of mtDNA control region haplotypes based on frequencies observed for each region. Historic samples are presented separately and identified with a red border and red sample size number.
Table 1.
MtDNA nucleotide diversity (π), haplotype diversity (h), haplotype richness (HR), private haplotype (HP) counts, their standard deviations (SD π, SD h, HRstd, and HPstd) and standardized to the smallest sample size for both contemporary (g = 6) and historic (g = 5) samples using ADZE rarefaction, Tajima’s D, and Fu’s Fs.
Table 2.
Pairwise estimates of population genetic distance for mtDNA among sampling localities (ΦST, below diagonal), and associated P values (above diagonal).
Table 3.
Results of delineated genetic groupings identified by SAMOVA for different population configurations.
Figure 4.
Median-joining network of the mtDNA control region haplotypes for all samples combined. Haplotype size reflects relative frequency. Each branch represents one mutational step, unless otherwise noted. Black circles represent missing intermediate haplotypes.