Figure 1.
The yellow line means onset of QRS wave, the point of intersection of the red line and the white line means the peak LV torsion; The point of intersection of the red line and the purple line means the rotational degrees in the basal plane at the peak LV torsion; The point of intersection of the red line and the blue line means the rotational degrees in the apical plane at the peak LV torsion.
Figure 2.
Divide the LV into two parts at the papillary muscle short-axis level.
Figure 3.
Three rotation patterns at the papillary muscle short-axis levels, Figure 3A is clockwise rotation, Figure 3B is counterclockwise rotation, and Figure 3C is counterclockwise to clockwise rotation.
Figure 4.
The ROC analysis of the rotational degrees was performed at the papillary muscle short-axis plane At the peak LV torsion for predicting whether the turnaround point of twist to untwist motion pattern was located at the papillary muscle level.
Sensitivity and specificity were 97% and 67%, respectively, with a cut-off value of 0.34°, and an area under the ROC curve of 0.8.
Figure 5.
At the peak LV torsion, the correlation between the rotational degrees at the papillary muscle short-axis plane and the LVEF in the normal subjects (r = 0.000, p = 0.998).
Table 1.
The basic Information of conventional two-dimensional Doppler echocardiography (mean ± SD).
Table 2.
Three rotation patterns at the papillary muscle short-axis levels (mean ± SD).
Table 3.
Divide the LV into two parts at the papillary muscle short-axis levels, to compare their related parameters (mean ± SD).
Figure 6.
The papillary muscle short-axis levels at different locations.
Figure 6A is a litter higher than the papillary muscle level but contain the papillary muscle, Figure 6B is in the middle of the papillary muscle level and Figure 6C is a litter lower than the papillary muscle level but contain the papillary muscle.