Figure 1.
Fertilisation success of A. planci oocytes across a range of sperm concentrations (102–108 sperm ml−1) under three pH/pCO2 conditions.
Solid lines represent best-fit curves under three different pH/pCO2 scenarios, and corresponding dashed lines are 95% confidence intervals.
Figure 2.
A) Sperm velocity and percentage of motile sperm (% motility) for the three different treatments (Factor Treatment, see ANOVA in Table 3). B) Differences in sperm velocity and percentage of motile sperm between individual males (Factor Male, see ANOVA in Table 3. Error bars represent 1 standard error. Averages with different letters are significantly different (p<0.05, Tukey-Kramer posthoc tests).
Table 1.
Seawater chemistry for different experiments on Acanthaster planci.
Table 2.
Results of the logistic regression for fertilisation rates at three different pH/pCO2 conditions, all curve fits were highly significant (p<0.0001).
Table 3.
Results of mixed model analysis of variance for sperm velocity and percentage of motile sperm (% motile) of A. planci sperm subjected to three different pH/pCO2 conditions (factor pH).
Figure 3.
Percentage of normal development and several morphometric parameters for Acanthaster planci larvae grown for 10 d under control and two reduced pH/increased pCO2 conditions.
Error bars represent 1 standard error. Averages with different letters are significantly different (p<0.05, Tukey-Kramer posthoc tests).
Table 4.
Results of mixed model analysis of variance for morphometric parameters of A. planci larvae cultured for 10 d in three different pH/pCO2 conditions (factor pH).
Figure 4.
A) Settlement success of A. planci larvae on CCA and biofilms exposed for 85 d in water with pre-industrial, present day control or two near future CO2 conditions. B) Control experiment with CCA all pre-incubated under ambient conditions, and only the experimental water differing in pH/pCO2. The pH values given on the x-axis represent target values on the NBS scale (see Table 1). Error bars represent standard errors, means with the same index letters are not significantly different (Tukey-Kramer posthoc, test, p>0.05). A
Table 5.
Analysis of variance (type III sums of squares) for settlement of COTS larvae on CCA and biofilms exposed for 85 d in water with pre-industrial, present day control or two near future pCO2 conditions (see Table 1).
Figure 5.
Average effect size (expressed as % change from present day conditions) control and 95% Bayesian confidence intervals for all early live history parameters which were at least marginally (p<0.10) significant in frequentist analysis.