Figure 1.
Geographical distribution of the 26 sites for the study of temporal change in abundance and prevalence of parasites of birds and their consequences.
Figure 2.
Temporal change in laying date of hosts, body condition of hosts, population size of hosts, brood size of hosts and clutch size of hosts between the first study year and 2010.
Box plots show means, standard errors and 95% confidence intervals.
Figure 3.
Change in laying date between first study year and 2010 in relation to latitude.
The size of symbols is proportional to log-transformed sample size, while the lines are linear regression lines.
Figure 4.
Host clutch size and body condition in relation to change in temperature.
(A) Change in clutch size in relation to change in temperature. (B) Change in body condition in relation to change in temperature. The size of symbols is proportional to log-transformed sample sizes, while the lines are linear regression lines.
Table 1.
Repeated measures ANOVAs with laying date, clutch size, brood size, body condition and population density of hosts in two separate study years as within subjects factors and locality identity, host identity, latitude, interval in years and temperature change (°C/year) as between subjects factors.
Figure 5.
Change in parasite abundance and parasite prevalence over time for different categories of parasites.
(A) Change in parasite abundance and (B) change in parasite prevalence between study years for different parasite taxa. Box plots show means, standard errors and 95% confidence intervals. The right Y-axis in (A) is the number of non-dipteran parasites.
Table 2.
Repeated measures ANOVAs with parasite abundance and prevalence in two separate study years as within subjects factors and locality identity, parasite identity, latitude, interval in years and temperature change (°C/year) as between subjects factors.
Table 3.
Repeated measures ANOVAs and within subjects effects (parasite abundance/prevalence in the first and the second year) with laying date, clutch size, brood size, body condition and population density of hosts in two separate study years as within subjects factors and interactions between the repeated measure and latitude, temperature change, variation in parasitism (i.e. change in abundance and prevalence of parasites) and identity of parasite group as between subjects factors. P-values smaller than 0.05 are shown in bold.