Table 1.
Main clinical and pathological features in the patients examined.
Figure 1.
Semiquantitative evaluation of surface and intracellular mucin in intraductal papillary neoplasms of the bile duct (IPNBs).
A) Schema of score 0–3 for surface and cytoplasmic mucin. B) Example of IPNBs with high- and low- mucin production. Left, an example of IPNB with high-mucin production; right, an example of IPNB with low-mucin production.
Table 2.
Primary antibodies used in this study.
Figure 2.
GNAS and KRAS mutations in intraductal papillary neoplasms of the bile duct (IPNBs).
A) Representative sequencing trace of an IPNB without GNAS mutation (wild type, WT) and IPNBs with GNAS mutations. An arrow indicates miss-sense mutation. B) Representative sequencing trace of an IPNB without KRAS mutation (wild type, WT) and IPNBs with KRAS mutations. An arrow indicates miss-sense mutation.
Table 3.
Clinicopatholoical features and the status of mutation in intraductal papillary neoplasms (IPNBs).
Table 4.
Correlation between the status of GNAS and KRAS mutations and clinical and pathological factors.
Figure 3.
Intraductal papillary neoplasms of the bile duct (IPNBs) with high- and low- mucin production and the expression profiles of MUC mucin core protein.
A) An example of IPNB with high- mucin production. IPNB with high- mucin production is composed of tall columnar tumor cells showing abundant mucin production in double mucin stain with periodic acid Schiff stain after diastase-digestion and alcian blue (pH2.5) (d-PAS/AB) (scores; surface 3, cytoplasmic 3). The tumor cells show extensive immunoreactivity for MUC2 and MUC5AC. B) An example of IPNBs with low-mucin production. IPNB with low-mucin production is composed of cuboidal tumor cells showing less mucin production (scores; surface 0, cytoplasmic 1). The tumor cells show no immunoreactivity for MUC2 and focal immunoreactivity for MUC5AC. Hematoxylin and eosin, d-PAS/AB and the immunostaining for MUC2 and MUC5AC and hematoxylin. x200. C) Semiquantitative evaluation of the degree of mucin production in perihilar IPNBs with and without invasion and distal IPNBs (all with invasion). White column, score 1; half-tone column, score 2; black column, score 3. *, p<0.05. Non-I, without invasion; inv, with invasion.
Figure 4.
Clinicopathological factors and MUC mucin expression profiles in IPNBs with high- and low- mucin production.
A) Clinicopathological factors in IPNBs with high- and low-mucin production. *, p<0.05. Micro-I, microinvasive; Non-I, without invasion; PB, pancreaticobiliary; G+K, both GNAS and KRAS mutations. B) MUC mucin expression profiles in IPNBs with high- and low-mucin production. *, p<0.05; **, p<0.01.