Figure 1.
Typical 2D Doppler ultrasound image of sub-endometrial blood flow measured in (A) controls and (B) IRSM.
Figure 2.
Immunohistologic images of expression of endometrial PECAM-1/CD31 in (A) controls and (B) IRSM.
Figure 3.
Multivariate data analyses of factors responsible for vascular dysfunction.
(A) Scores scatter plot t1 vs. t2 resulting after applying PCA to endometrial expression of various angiogenic and vasoactive factors of controls (green) and IRSM (blue), (B) scores scatter plot t1 vs t2 resulting after applying PLS-DA to endometrial expression of various angiogenic and vasoactive factors of controls (green) and IRSM (blue), (C) Results from the permutation test for the IRSM group suggest a valid PLS-DA model. The vertical axis is the R2 and Q2 values of each model and the horizontal axis shows the correlation between the permuted class vectors and the original class vector. The original class has the correlation 1.0 with itself, defining the high point on the horizontal axis. All R2 and Q2 values calculated from the permuted data are lower than the original model in the validation plot. Y-axis intercepts: R2= (0.0, 0.0189), Q2= (0.0, −0.123). (D) Loading scatter plot indicates factors IL-1β, TNF-α, IFN-γ, TGF-β1, PGE2 are upregulated in IRSM and factors IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, VEGF, ADM, eNOS, NO are upregulated in controls.
Figure 4.
Important features identified by PLS-DA and VIP scores.
A VIP score is a measure of a variable’s importance in the PLS-DA model. It summarizes the contribution a variable makes to the model. The VIP score of a variable is calculated as a weighted sum of the squared correlations between the PLS-DA components and the original variable. The weights correspond to the percentage variation explained by the PLS-DA component in the model. The number of terms in the sum depends on the number of PLS-DA components found to be significant in distinguishing the classes. The Y axis indicates the VIP scores corresponding to each variable on the X- axis. The red asterisks indicate the factors with the highest VIP scores and thus are the most contributory variables in class discrimination in the PLS-DA model.