Figure 1.
Ecomorphological and dietary comparison of the Uruguay River Crenicichla species flock.
Live representatives of C. minuano (1), C. tendybaguassu (2), C. missioneira (3), and Crenicichla celidochilus (4) are laterally associated with their whole body warp transformation grids (a), summaries of their stomach contents (b), lower pharyngeal jaw warp transformation grids (c) and representative lower pharyngeal jaw (d).
Figure 2.
Morphological comparison of Uruguay River Crenicichla species flock.
Shape principal component analysis of the whole body (a) and lower pharyngeal jaw (b) of Crenicichla celidochilus (○), C. missioneira (□), C. tendybaguassu (◊), and C. minuano (△).
Figure 3.
Stable isotope ratios of the Uruguay River Crenicichla species flock.
Stable nitrogen and carbon isotope ratios (mean±SD) of Crenicichla celidochilus (○; CRCE), C. missioneira (□; CRMS), C. tendybaguassu (◊; CRTE), and C. minuano (△; CRMN).
Figure 4.
Evolutionary reconstruction of the Uruguay River Crenicichla species flock.
Maximum likelihood estimation of trophic guild (a) and ancestral jaw structure (b). Phylogenetic relationships are based on [15] pruned to include only species whose diets are known from the literature (see Table S2). Pie diagrams show character states and their proportions (i.e., likelihood) at each node. Maximum likelihood analyses find the ancestral states that maximize the probability that the observed character states (e.g., terminal nodes) would evolve under a stochastic model of evolution [49,50]. Images depict live representatives of each species. Red bar denotes the Uruguay River Crenicichla species flock.