Figure 1.
Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis infection prevalence at sites with extant or recently extinct Rhinoderma spp.
Map of central-south Chile and Argentina showing sites from which Rhinoderma spp. and sympatric anurans were sampled for Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd) detection between 2008 and 2012. Sample size is represented by the size of the circles, with Bd prevalence shown in the red segments. Inset: Graph showing the relationship between latitude and prevalence of Bd infection by site (R2 = 0.405, P<0.001). Squares: sites with recent extinction or population decline of Rhinoderma spp. Triangles: sites with extant populations and no evidence of population decline of R. darwinii.
Table 1.
Archived Darwin’s frogs (Rhinoderma spp.) and sympatric amphibians from European and Chilean museums examined for Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd) infection.
Table 2.
Historical presence of Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd) infection in Rhinoderma spp. and sympatric amphibians.
Table 3.
Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd) infection in 19 amphibian species at 26 sites with historical and current presence of Darwin’s frogs (Rhinoderma spp.), sampled during the period 2008−2012 in central and south Chile and south-western Argentina.
Figure 2.
Skin histological section of a wild southern Darwin’s frog (Rhinoderma darwinii) with cutaneous chytridiomycosis.
Note multiple empty zoosporangia (arrows) within the superficial keratinised layer of the epidermis. Several zoosporangia with an internal septum can be seen (arrowheads), morphologically typical of Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis. Stained with Periodic Acid-Shiff (PAS). Bar = 20 µm.
Table 4.
Details of Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis positive Southern Darwin’s frogs (Rhinoderma darwinii) sampled during the period 2008−2012 in south Chile with number of genomic equivalents (GE) detected using a Bd-specific quantitative real-time PCR Taqman assay.
Table 5.
Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis infection in 14 extant populations of the southern Darwin’s frog (Rhinoderma darwinii) sampled during the period 2009−2012 in south Chile.