Figure 1.
An overview of the 4 year multiple exposure field trial design in maize and oilseed rape.
Figure 2.
Thiamethoxam and CGA322704 residue levels in plant tissue, bee pollen and bee bread stored in cells from the first year of seed treated maize exposure in tunnels.
The plot shows the median (•), upper and lower quartile and range values.
Figure 3.
Thiamethoxam and CGA322704 residue levels in plant tissue, bee pollen and bee bread stored in cells from a two year seed treated maize rotation exposure in tunnels.
The plot shows the median (•), upper and lower quartile and range values.
Figure 4.
Thiamethoxam and CGA322704 residue levels in plant tissue, bee pollen, bee nectar, bee bread stored in cells and hive nectar from seed treated oilseed rape exposure in tunnels.
The plot shows the median (•), upper and lower quartile and range values.
Figure 5.
Thiamethoxam and CGA322704 residue levels in plant tissue, bee pollen, bee nectar, bee bread stored in cells and hive nectar from a seed treated oilseed rape following seed treated barley rotation exposure in tunnels.
The plot shows the median (•), upper and lower quartile and range values.
Table 1.
Median residue values (and range in parentheses) found in plants, pollen and nectar collected from forager bees in maize and oilseed rape from 2005 to 2009 in the multi-exposure study.
Figure 6.
Mean number of dead bees per hive per day collected in the dead bee traps and on linen sheets in front of the hives in treated (dashed line) and control (solid line) oilseed rape fields in the Alsace region of France.
Figure 7.
Mean number of forager bees per m2 flowering rape in treated (dashed line) and control (solid line) fields during the time of exposure in the Alsace region of France.
Figure 8.
Strength of honey bee colonies exposed to treated (dashed line) and control (solid line) oilseed rape fields in the Alsace region of France during the four years of observations including the last overwintering.
Figure 9.
Mean area on combs (%) of brood (eggs, larvae and pupae) and food (nectar and pollen) of 6 colonies exposed to treated oilseed rape in the Alsace region of France over 4 years.
Figure 10.
Mean area on combs (%) of brood (eggs, larvae and pupae) and food (nectar and pollen) of 6 colonies exposed to control oilseed rape in the Alsace region of France over 4 years.
Table 2.
Details of colony losses throughout the multiple exposure bee field trial in maize and oilseed rape.
Figure 11.
Mean hive weight (kg) during time of assessments of colonies in treated (dashed line) and control (solid line) oilseed rape fields in the Alsace region of France.