Figure 1.
Flow chart depicting the selection process of studies included in the meta-analysis.
Table 1.
The main characteristics of studies included in the meta-analysis.
Table 2.
Quality appraisal of observational studies (indicators from New-Castle-Ottawa scale).
Figure 2.
Odds ratios of clinical efficacy: TDM versus non-TDM.
Test of clinical efficacy for overall effect: Z = 2.82 P = 0.005; test of clinical efficacy in cohort studies for overall effect: Z = 2.65 P = 0.008; test of clinical efficacy in RCT for overall effect: Z = 1.12 P = 0.265.
Figure 3.
Odds ratios of nephrotoxicity (subgroup analysis by design): TDM versus non-TDM.
Test of nephrotoxicity for overall effect: Z = 4.17 P<0.0001; test of nephrotoxicity in cohort studies for overall effect: Z = 3.31 P = 0.001; test of nephrotoxicity in RCT for overall effect: Z = 2.60 P = 0.009.
Figure 4.
Odds ratios of nephrotoxicity (subgroup analysis by geographic location of patients): TDM versus non-TDM.
Test of nephrotoxicity for overall effect: Z = 4.17 P<0.0001; test of nephrotoxicity in Asian population subgroup for overall effect: Z = 2.30 P = 0.022; test of nephrotoxicity in non-Asian population subgroup for overall effect: Z = 3.56 P<0.0001.
Figure 5.
Weight Mean Difference of Duration of vancomycin therapy (subgroup analysis by design): TDM versus non-TDM.
Test of duration of vancomycin therapy for overall effect: Z = 0.33 P = 0.74; test of duration of vancomycin therapy in cohort studies for overall effect: Z = 0.21 P = 0.83; test of duration of vancomycin therapy in RCT for overall effect: Z = 0.61 P = 0.54.
Figure 6.
Weight Mean Difference of Duraton of vancomycin therapy (subgroup analysis by geographic location of patients): TDM versus non-TDM.
Test of duration of vancomycin therapy for overall effect: Z = 0.33 P = 0.74; test of duration of vancomycin therapy in Asian population subgroup for overall effect: Z = 0.31 P = 0.75; test of duration of vancomycin therapy in non-Asian population subgroup for overall effect: Z = 1.27 P = 0.21.
Figure 7.
Weight Mean Difference of Length of stay: TDM versus non-TDM.
Test of nephrotoxicity for overall effect: Z = 0.30 P = 0.76.