Figure 1.
Peripheral and Central Pulse Waveforms.
(A) This figure depicts a peripheral waveform obtained via radial artery tonometry. In this sample from a lone AF patient, peripheral blood pressure is 129/81 with a pulse pressure of 48 mmHg. (B) Aortic waveform can then be derived from peripheral waveform shown in (A) with the SphygmoCor software’s generalized transfer function. The central blood pressure is 122/82 with a pulse pressure of 40 mmHg. Augmentation pressure is a measure of reflected pressure wave, which is the difference between aortic systolic pressure and the first peak of the waveform. Augmentation index in this example is 12/40 X 100 = 30%.
Figure 2.
Examples of Peripheral and Central Pulse Waveforms.
(A) Waveforms from a control subject showing peripheral pressures (black) of 128/76 with a pulse pressure of 52 mmHg and central pressures of 115/77 (blue) with a pulse pressure of 38 mmHg. Central augmentation pressure (red, dotted) is 7 mmHg. (B) Waveforms from a patient with lone AF showing peripheral pressures (black) of 120/54 with a pulse pressure of 66 mmHg and central pressures of 106/54 (blue) with a pulse pressure of 52 mmHg. Central augmentation pressure (red, dotted) is 12 mmHg.
Figure 3.
(A) Lone AF patients with central pulse pressure ≥75th percentile had lower survival free from AF following catheter ablation. (B) Similarly, lone AF patients with augmentation pressure ≥75th percentile had poorer outcome following catheter ablation.